Igc 1 Element 4

Front 1

The main objectives of Risk assessment are to prevent what?
4

Back 1

To prevent

1. Death or personal injury
2. Other types of loss incidents
3. Occurrence breaches statute law - Enforcement action or prosecution
4. Direct and indirect costs that follow an accident

Front 2

what are the 14/5 hazards?

Back 2

Safety hazards:
1.Falling object
2. Falling from height
3. Trapping and crushing
4. Manual handling
5. Fire/Explosion
6. Asphyxiation and drowning
7. Chemical contact
8. Violence
9. Animals
10. Electricity
11. Transport
12. Collision with objects
13. Contact with machinery or hand tools
14. Slips, trips and falls

Health hazards
1. Chemical
2 Physical (Noise, vibration, radiation, temperature)
3. Biological (Bacterial, fungal, viral)
4. Ergonomic
5. Psychological (Stress)

Front 3

Criteria for "suitable and sufficient" assessment
5

Back 3

1. State name and competence of assessor (and any additional specialist help obtained in carrying out the assessment)
2. Identify significant hazards and risks arising from or connected to the work (i.e those most likely to come to harm - with any remaining risk being at an acceptable level)
3. Identify all persons at risk - including workers, visitors, members of the public or vulnerable groups of people (young people)
4. Evaluate effectiveness of current controls
5. Identify OTHER protective measures required to control risk to an acceptable level

Front 4

5 steps of a risk assessment

Back 4

1. Identify the hazards
2. Identify the people who might be harmed and how
3. Evaluate the risk and decide on precautions
4. Record significant findings and implement them
5. Review and update as necessary

Front 5

Hazard identification methods
5

1st - S.R.E.D.I.M

Back 5

1. Task analysis - S.R.E.D.I.M.
Select task - Record steps/stages of task - Evaluate risks associated - Develop Safe systems of work with each step - Implement S.S.O.W - Monitor to ensure effectiveness

2. Inspections
3. Legislation
4. Manufacturers information
5. Incident data - internal accident and near miss info useful. Main limitation = Hazards may not yet harm therefore they go unnoticed.

External data (national stats) are more useful because they are based of larger population sizes

Front 6

Identifying populations at risk
6

And special case risk assessments for?

Back 6

1. Workers/operators (Worker specific risks, falling from height) - (General risks to all employees, vehicle traffic routes)
2. Maintenance staff (Removal of safeguards)
3. Contractors
4. Visitors (Exposed to certain risks i.e fire)
5. Cleaners (greater risk removal safeguards and is a lone worker)
6. Members of the public (vicinity of release of toxic gas for example or trespassers - vital if children)

Specific risk assessments for vulnerable persons - Young people, pregnant women, disabled workers, lone workers

Front 7

Evaluation of risk and adequacy of control measures

Semi-quantitative risk rating system advantageous
4
Risk assessment matrix

Use of guidance:
-Semi quantitative method because largely redundant if there are specific legal standards to be adhered to for a certain type of risk
- If no clear standard (or open to interpretation) reference to codes of practice or guidance notes published by authorities useful in determining precautions for workplace hazards

Back 7

1. Clarity of thinking - people tent to think more clearly about likelihood and severity of foreseeable injury when asked used scoring systems - More accurate results

2. Consistency of approach - different people can use systems and will get similar results

3. Prioritisation - Since risk now numerally presented - possibly rank risks according to greater risk

4. Timescale - Also possible to allocate a timescale to risk ratings according to risk level

Front 8

Residual risk?

what are they 3 types of residual risk?

Back 8

The risk that remains once the current controls have been taken into account is known as residual risk.

1. Acceptable: Residual risk low and current controls are adequate therefore nothing more needs to be done

2. Tolerable: Implies residual risk is not acceptable but can be tolerated short term while interim controls are being put into place

3. Unacceptable: Implies risk too high for work to be allowed

Front 9

5 Steps to risks assessment and the issues for each steps:

1. Identification of the hazards: Issue could be legislative e.g I would have to be versed in the applicable laws and relative guidance documentation when working at height. Their laws would stipulate what hazards would potentially be ignored if they were under the legal parameter limits.

2. Identification if people who might be harmed and how: Many different groups would have to be considered when dealing with particular risks. (workers, cleaners, security staff, members of the public in particular vulnerable persons (pregnant women, if the job requires heavy lifting)

Back 9

3. Evaluate risks and determine subsequent precautions: Issue here would be correctly evaluating risk via risk assessment matrix method. Determining likelihood and severity against pre-set scoring systems could be subjective therefore usage guidance documents may help here... Or team of assessors

4. Record significant findings and implement subsequent distraction of them: An issue could have been the company has competent safety specialist staff completing risk assessments, but their significant findings are not effectively followed up due to lack of management support for health and safety in organisation

5. Review and update risk assessment as and when necessary: Review of risk assessment requires direction in determining frequency by management. If workplace has poor safety culture where management give production higher priority than safety, it may take an accident before risk assessment is reviewed again.

Front 10

Vulnerable groups

Young persons hazards
4

Young person controls
4

Back 10

Hazards:
1. Lack of experience in workplace in general
2. Heavily influenced by peer group pressure
3. Eager to show willingness to work
4. Less developed communication skills

Controls:
1. Prohibit young person from carrying out high risk activities
2. Restrict work patterns and hours (no shift work or overtime)
3. Train and supervise to a higher degree
4. Provide mentors to monitor and supervise more closely than other workers and provide clear lines of communication

Front 11

Expectant and nursing mothers

Hazards 4

Controls 3

Remember the option is usually subject to statute law and usually other general employment and anti-discrimination legislation should be considered not just health and safety law

Back 11

Hazards:
1. Certain hazardous chemicals
2. Manual handling (especially later in pregnancy)
3. Extremes of temperature
4. Whole body vibration

Controls:
1. Change type of work or the way it is done
2. Change hours of work
3. Suspend a woman from the workplace

Front 12

Good safety management is the logical process of identifying the significant hazards, evaluating the risk created by each then either eliminating the risk entirely or reducing it to an acceptable standard by introduction of controls where necessary

All controls come under 3 types, what are they?

E.R.I.C.P.D

Back 12

from most effective downwards:

Technical - Engineering
Procedural - Administrative
Behavioural - Administrative


Elimination
Reduce or substitute
Isolate
Controls (3 types)
P.P.E
Discipline

Front 13

Safe place: E.R.I.C?

Safe person: P.D?

Elimination?

Reduce or substitute?

Back 13

Safe place: The environment of workplace where emphasis is on collective protection via: correct design, selection of engineering of plant, premises, machines, equipment, process and substances

Safe person: Individual behaviour, where emphasis on competence of worker who have received adequate I.T.I.S and follow S.S.O.W

Elimination: (hazard no longer exists):
1. Avoids risk completely
2. Replaces something dangerous with something non dangerous. e.g flammable paint with non flammable paint

Reduce or substitute (hazard still exists but with lower risk): Replaces dangerous with less dangerous. E.g corrosive chemical with irritant chemical instead.

Front 14

Engineering controls technical?
4

Back 14

Isolation or total enclosure: Aim to isolate hazards physically so nobody is exposed to it.

Separation or segregation: Placing hazard in an inaccessible location (e.g overhead wire where conductor placed out of reach)

Partial enclosure: e.g Hazardous substance handles in a fume hood (Local exhaust ventilation L.E.V )

Safety devices: Features that ensure the item used correctly and not in an unsafe way e.g interlock switches fitted to mountable guards - ensuring that if the guard is open the machine will not operate

Front 15

Administrative controls - Procedural and behavioural?
5

Back 15

Safe systems of work: A formal procedure which defines a method of working that eliminates hazards or minimises the risk associated with them.

Reduce exposure: If degree to which other worker is exposed to hazard can be reduced then worker is less likely to have accident with that hazard

Reduce time of exposure: Concentration, intensity or magnitude of the hazard present combined with the exposure

Information, training, instruction, supervision (I.T.I.S): Competence of staff

Disciplinary: Supervision

Front 16

P.P.E?

It is the duty of the employer to?
6

1st - Suitable
5

Back 16

- Supply 'suitable' P.P.E where risk cannot be controlled by other more effective methods

Suitable means:
1. Appropriate for risk and condition
2. Ergonomics (user friendly)
3. It fits
4. It does not increase overall risk
5. It complies with any relevant standards

- Ensure compatibility between 2+ P.P.E worn out some time
- Provide suitable storage for P.P.E
- Provide I.T.I.S to workers for P.P.E they are expected to wear
- Enforce use of P.P.E
- Replace or repair damaged or lost items for free

Front 17

Benefits of P.P.E
4

Limitation of P.P.E
4

Back 17

Benefits:
1. Can be used as an interim control while more expensive or different controls are put in place
2. May be needed as a back up for emergencies, when other controls fail
3. Usually cheap
4. Gives immediate protection

Limitations:
1. Only protects the user and relies on correct use from the wearer so therefore requires training
2. May increase risk by impairing senses (e.g goggles that mist up or hearing protection masking a fire alarm sound)
3. May not be compatible with other item - fit is also affected by a beard, spectacles, large earings
4. P.P.E is possibly more expensive in the long run than addressing the hazard at source

Front 18

What factors should be considered when developing a Safe system of work?
8 (First 4)

Back 18

1. Identification of task being carried out. Provided via use of a task analysis breaking task down into component steps and subsequently identify hazard associated with each step

2. Evaluation of equipment and materials required for specific task. Important to remember they present their own inherent hazards which will need further controls

3. Are personnel competent or technically skilled for task. Number of people required to work on task = Consideration also presence any vulnerable persons

4. What specific controls recommended by the manufacturer of equipment and materials used in task and subsequent implementation. Disposal of materials after task is also an important consideration

Front 19

What factors should be considered when developing a Safe system of work?
8 (Second 4)

Back 19

5. Environmental factors such as space, light, and temperature need to be taken into consideration. Especially if the environmental factors where work takes place may increase risk that would need controlling.

6. Provision of emergency procedures = definite consideration

7. Are current controls adequate or is resultant residual risk high enough to warrant use of further controls?

8. Monitoring systems after implemented, including delegation of a responsibility = Paramount importance for future revision of S.S.O.W

Front 20

Factors to consider when developing S.S.O.W for confined space entry
5

Back 20

1. Communication methods to be used inside confined space
2. P.P.E requirements (may include respiratory protective equipment R.P.E)
3. Lighting is suitable and 'intrinsically safe' to use in the atmosphere (explosion proof rating)
4. Suitability of individual (body size and psychology)
5. Emergency and rescue arrangements to cope with foreseeable emergencies.

Front 21

Factors to consider to help reduce risk to lone workers
9

Back 21

1. No carrying of large sums of currency or expensive jewellery.
2. Procedures logging workers location in place
3. Arrangement for remote supervision be made
4. Ensure good communication via mobile, radio's
5. Alarm systems - Raise alarm, pinpoint / draw attention
6. Specific procedures to be adopted and followed when lone working
7. Provision of training for all lone worker procedure
8. Emergency procedures to follow in the event of an emergency situation
9. Self defence training for all lone workers.

Front 22

Permit to work system definition?

Examples of permit to work system?
4

4 main sections +1?

-Intention of a P.T.W = focus everybody's attention on the HIGH RISK nature of the work to ensure that:
Correct safety precautions in place BEFORE, DURING and AFTER work

All people who need to know about the work actually know about it

Back 22

P.T.W = A formal, documented safety procedure, forming part of a S.S.O.W, which ensures that all necessary actions are taken before, during and after particularly high risk work.

Examples:
1. Hot work (naked flames or creation of ignition sources)
2. Work on high voltage electrical systems
3. Confined space entry
4. Working at height

4 main sections:
1. ISSUE
2. RECEIPT
3. CLEARANCES / RETURN TO SERVICE
4. CANCELLATION

5. EXTENSION

Front 23

ISSUE:
This section defines the work, identifies hazards and determines the necessary safety precautions.

An authority manager (competent) must complete this section (Requiring risk assessments to identify all hazards and precautions)

Authorising manager states:
1. Exact nature of the work
2. Where work can take place
3. Names of authorised workers
4. Date and time work can start
5. Period time permit valid for
6. Control measures that must be in place before, during, and after work

Back 23

Authorising manager signs permit to formally confirm all necessary precautions taken and work can start provided necessary precautions adhered to. Manager name, signature, date and time to be clear.

RECEIPT: Handover process to allow work to start is formalised
Workers sign the permit to formally confirm they understand all hazards, risks and precautions and that they will comply with necessary control measures

CLEARANCE / RETURN TO SERVICE:
Worker signs section to confirm they left workplace in safe condition, that work is complete and that normal operation may resume.

Front 24

CANCELLATION: Authorising manager signs section to accept hand back of workplace from workers. Also has effect of cancelling permit to how that no further work can take place under its authority.

EXTENSION: Included in SOME permit systems in case of any over-run of work
Allows authorising manager to grant extension to timescale of permit.

Back 24

Permits often issued in triplicate

1 copy displayed in area where work is taking place.
1 copy stays with authorising manager
1 copy displayed in a control location often a permit board, where other permits also displayed for clear communication.