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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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For a fire to exist there must be 3 things present: |
Heat - Oxygen - Fuel (fire triangle) Removing one of these three things will eliminate the fire.
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Classification of fires:
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Class A: Solid materials - wood, paper, coal and textiles
Class B: Flammable liquids - petrol, oil ad solvents Class C: Gases such as methane, propane and acetylene Class D: Metals such as aluminium or magnesium Class F: Fats and oils at high temperature such as cooking fat |
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Methods of fire spread
4 |
Direct burning: flame moves front along through burning material (corner of paper burns through whole thing)
Convection: -Inside a building heat travels upwards, when a material heats enough it will reach ignition point and burst into flames -Outdoors creates embers from the main fire that can travel across roads and ignite sources on the other side Conduction: Heat can be transmitted through solid materials such as pipes through walls to other rooms and ignite other fuel sources inside it. Radiation: Infrared heat waves that travel straight through the air can reflect on a surface and when it heats up sufficiently can burst into flames. |
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Common causes of workplace fire
9 |
1. Smoking - in particular discarded cigarette butts and matches
2. Hot work - any work involving naked flames 3. Deliberate ignition - by a disgruntled employee or unhappy customer 4. Electrical equipment - faulty wiring, overloaded conductors, incorrect use in unsuitable environment 5. Cooking appliances - fat pans left unattended 6. Heating appliances - electric fan heaters when left unattended 7. Unsafe use and storage of flammable liquids and gases - petrol, acetone, LPG. Static sparks can be generated which could ignite a flammable vapour 8. Mechanical heat - generated by friction of moving parts such as a motor and its bearings 9. Chemical reactions - can also generate heat e.g oxidisers |
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Fire risk assessment:
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1. Identify the fire hazards
-Sources of fuel -Sources of ignition -Source of oxygen 2. Identify the people who might be harmed -People in the premises -Give special consideration to vulnerable people 3. Identify and implement the fire precautions that are required -Fire prevention -Prevention of the spread of smoke and flames -Fire detection and alarm -Fire fighting equipment -Means of escape -Signs and notices -Lighting 4. Record findings, plan and train -Emergency plans -Information and instruction -Training 5. Review and revise the assessment as necessary |
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Minimising the risk of fire
3 |
1. Control fuel sources
2. Control ignition sources 3. Control oxygen sources |
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Fire prevention
LIST |
Eliminate fuels
Substitute with alternative Minimise quantity Inspection - testing of electrical equipment P.T.W - Hot work Designated smoking areas (outside/inside) Cooking areas - supervised Switching off equipment Lubrication for equipment Arson - CCTV, security, good lighting Good house keeping |
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Equipment maintenance (Acronym)
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C.L.I.T
Clean Lubricate Inspect Test |
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Controls for flammable liquids
3 |
1. Fire resistant container
2. Fire resistant cabinet 3. Fire resistant storage area |
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Limiting fire spread
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Compartments (safe areas within the building)
Rated fire doors Non flammable paint/wall finishes Insulation of pipes Escape routes Sealing openings in walls Ventilation ducts - Shutter systems |
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Factors to consider for the means of escape
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Distance travelled:
-To open air (place of complete safety) -Place of relative safety (protected stairway/compartment) Stairs/corridors: -Fire protected compartments -Wide enough -Light -Signs -Handrails -Landing area wide enough -No combustible material Fire doors: -Seal with door frame (cold smoke seal/intumescent) -Open in direction of travel -Viewing panel -Should not be locked Lighting: -Illuminates the escape route Signs: -lit and clearly understood Assembly point: -Outside in open air -Temporary stairways |
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Fire extinguisher types
4 |
Water (class A fires, red)
Carbon dioxide (class B fires, black) Foam (class A+B, yellow) Dry powder (all classes, blue, very messy) |
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Fire extinguisher locations:
5 |
1. Near fire exit routes
2. Near doors 3. Near high risk activities 4. Near fuel and heat sources 5. Clearly visible and signed |
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What information will be on a typical fire procedure
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Sound the alarm
Close windows and doors Leave building at nearest exit go to assemble point Do not attempt to fight fire Do not take risks Do not collect personal belongings Do not use lifts Do not re enter building until authorised |
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Responsibilities of a fire warden
5 + 3 |
Emergency:
1. Check area to ensure place is clear 2. Assist people to exits 3. Assisting disabled 4. Liaise with fire authority 5. Completing roll calls Non Emergency: 1. Supervising drills 2. Inspection of equipments 3. Check routes are clear |
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Fire detection and alarm systems
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1. People shouting FIRE!
2. Manually operated fire alarm (break glass) 3. Interlinked smoke alarms 4. Automatic fire alarm 5. Smoke detectors 6. Heat detectors |
