Iat 267 Quiz 2

Front 1

What is Transduction?

Back 1

The conversion of one type of energy into another.

Front 2

What are Sensors?

Back 2

It is a device which converts a physical phenomena into an electrical signal.

Front 3

What two parts make up the interface between the physical world and the world of electrical devices?

Back 3

1. Sensors (Input)

2. Actuators (Output)

Front 4

What are the types of Sensors?

Back 4

1. Analog

2. Digital

3. Passive

4. Active

Front 5

What are Digital Sensors?

Back 5

Sensors whose outputs can only be in one of two possible states: ON (1), which is often +5 Volts, or OFF(0), which is 0 Volts.

*If a measurement is below the sensor's threshold, the reading will automatically be OFF.

Front 6

What are Analog Sensors?

Back 6

Sensors whose outputs can assume any possible value in a given range. Often, the output of an analog sensor is a variable resistance that can be used to control a voltage.

Front 7

How many degrees can a Rotation Sensor turn?

Back 7

300 degrees.

Front 8

What is the type of Rotation Sensor we use in labs?

Back 8

A Resistive 3-Pin.

Front 9

What is the maximum resistance of a Rotation Sensor?

Back 9

10kΩ.

Front 10

What type of Slider Sensor do we use in lab?

Back 10

Resistive 3-pin.

Front 11

What is the maximum resistance a Slider Sensor has?

Back 11

10kΩ.

Front 12

What is the range of temperatures that a Temperature Sensor has?

Back 12

-40 to 125 degrees Celsius.

Front 13

What kind of Sensor is a Touch Sensor? (Referring to the input)

Back 13

Digital Sensor.

Front 14

What type of Light Sensor do we use in lab?

Back 14

Resistive 2-pin.

Front 15

What is the maximum resistance a Light Sensor can provide?

Back 15

500kΩ.

Front 16

What is the Piezoelectric effect?

Back 16

It is an effect in which energy is converted between mechanical and electrical forms. It was discovered by the Curie brothers in the 1880's. When pressure is applied to polarized crystals, their mechanical deformation caused electrical charges.

Front 17

What can the piezoelectric effect measure?

Back 17

1. Force

2. Flexure

3. Acceleration

4. Heat

5. Acoustic Vibrations

Front 18

How do Force-Sensing Resistors work?

Back 18

They use the electrical property of resistance to measure the force (or pressure) applied to a sensor.

Front 19

Force has both magnitude and direction which makes it a ______________ quantity.

Back 19

Vector.

Front 20

What are the basic methods to sense force?

Back 20

1. Acceleration methods

2. Gravity-balance methods

3. Pressure-sensing methods

Front 21

What are the most commonly used to measure temperature?

Back 21

1. Thermal resistors

2. Thermocouples

Front 22

What are Thermal Resistors?

Back 22

Electrically conductive elements that are designed to change electrical resistance in a predictable manner with changes in applied temperature.

Front 23

What are Resistance temperature devices?

Back 23

A type of Thermal Resistor based of the tendency of materials to change physical dimension with changes in temperature

Front 24

What are Thermistors?

Back 24

A type of Thermal Resistors that are made from a human-made substance called semiconductor. They have a negative temperature coefficient (i.e. Semiconductor's resistance decreases with an increase in temp.)

Front 25

What is a Thermocouple?

Back 25

A temperature sensor that can measure a wide range of temperatures. Anything less than 1 degree Celsius can be difficult to measure.

Front 26

What is the Seebeck effect?

Back 26

That the junction between two metals generates a voltage which is a function of temperature.

Front 27

What is a Quantum detector?

Back 27

It is a kind of light detector that converts incoming radiation directly into an electron in a semiconductor device, and processes the resulting current with electronic circuitry.

Front 28

What is a Thermal detector?

Back 28

It is a kind of light detector that simply absorbs the energy and operates by measuring the change in temperature with a thermomenter

Front 29

What are the Quality parameters of a sensor system?

Back 29

1. Transfer Function

2. Sensitivity

3. Accuracy

4. Precision

5. Repeatability

6. Range and Span

7. Stability

8. Hysterses

9. Noise

Front 30

Define Transfer Function.

Back 30

The functional relationship between physical input signal and electrical output signal.

Front 31

Define Sensitivity.

Back 31

The relationship between changes in input physical signal and output electrical signal. The ratio between a small change in electrical signal to a small change in physical signal.

* Small physical change = Big electrical change: High Sensitivity

* Small physical change = Small electrical change: Small Sensitivity

Front 32

Define Accuracy.

Back 32

A measure of difference between the measured value and actual value. Generally defined as percentage of actual value.

Front 33

Define Precision.

Back 33

The ability of an instrument to reproduce a certain set of readings within a given deviation

Front 34

Define Repeatability.

Back 34

The ability to reproduce the output signal exactly when the same measured quantity is applied repeatedly under the same environmental conditions.

Front 35

Define Rang and Span.

Back 35

The limits between which inputs can vary. Span is maxium value minus the minimum value of the input.

Front 36

Define Stability (drift).

Back 36

The ability to give same output when a constant input is measured over a period of time. Drift is expressed as percentage of full range output.

Front 37

Define Hysteresis.

Back 37

Different output for increasing and decreasing value of input.

Front 38

Define Noise.

Back 38

All sensors produce noise as output along side their signal. The noise can limit the performance of the system based on the sensor.

Front 39

What are the general forms of Sensor output?

Back 39

1. Resistance Change

2. Voltage Change

3. Capacitance Change

4. Current Change

Front 40

Why is a Voltage Divider used?

Back 40

To turn the changing resistance of a sensor into a proportional change of voltage that can be understood better by the arduino

Front 41

What is the Voltage Divider Principle

Back 41

Front 42

What is a Microcontroller?

Back 42

A small, inexpensive computing device, usually used for sensing input form the real world and controlling devices based on that input.

Front 43

What are the three tools that make up Arduino?

Back 43

1. Arduino controller - the hardware

2. Arduino working environment - simple open source IDE built in Java

3. Language and compiler - Create code for the mircrocontroller

Front 44

Label the Arduino

Back 44

Front 45

What are the components of the Ardunio Board?

Back 45

> Digital Inputs: 2 - 13

> Analog inputs: 0 - 5

> Reset button

> ATMega mircocontroller

> USB port

> TX/RX (Transmitting and Receiving) LEDs

> Connection for external power supply (9-12 Volts DC)

Front 46

How does Arduino read a program?

Back 46

From the top down

Front 47

What is the Arduino Language called?

Back 47

Wiring

Front 48

What are the Programs for Arduino called?

Back 48

Sketches

Front 49

What are the 3 sections of a sketch?

Back 49

1. Initialization

2. Setup

3. Loop

Front 50

What is special about the 13th Digital Pin?

Back 50

It has a built in resistor

Front 51

True or False: The setup statement does not need to be called in a sketch if there if nothing is done in it.

Back 51

False. All application must have a setup() method, even if nothing is done in it. The compiler will check for this method and if not defined, an error will occur.

Front 52

What language is Wiring built upon?

Back 52

C

Front 53

What are Wiring's constants?

Back 53

1. HIGH/LOW - used to define a digital pin at 5V or 0V

2. INPUT/OUTPUT - used for setting pins

3. true/false - ...duh

Front 54

What are the main methods in Wiring and what do they do?

Back 54

1. pinMode(#, INPUT/OUTPUT) - used to set a pin as an input or an output. must be done in setup()

2. digitalWrite(#, HIGH/LOW) - used to set a digital pin as a high or a low. Only works on OUTPUT pins

3. digitalRead(#) - used to read a digital pin's state. Pins must be INPUT

4. analogWrite(#, 0-255) - used to assign a pin a PWM value. Since there are no Analog OUTPUT pins, the Digital Pins with ~ are used as Analog OUTPUT.

5. analogRead(0-1023) - used to read an analog pin's state.

* Divide the number by 4 so that all values are in the range.

6. delay(milliseconds) - wait an amount of time

7. millis() - get the current time

Front 55

What are the Digital Pins on the Arduino Board?

Back 55

Pins that can either read or be assigned two values to: HIGH or LOW.

Front 56

What are the Analog Pins on the Arduino Board?

Back 56

They are input only and can read a range of values.

Front 57

What is an Analog-To-Digital Converter?

Back 57

ADC measures a range of voltages and converts the value of the voltage at any given moment to a digital value. It has a 10 bit resolution returning integers from 0 to 1023.