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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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empirical
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derived from or based on observation and experimentation
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hypothesis
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a precise prediction about behavior that is tested through research
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inference
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conclusion or opinios
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anthropromorphism
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the attributing of human characteristics to an animal
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variables
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quantities or qualities that vary or may vary
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demographic
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concerning the vital statistics (race, gender, age, religion, etc.) of human populations
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population
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a complete group of organisms or events
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sample
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part of a population
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generalize
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to go from the particular to the general
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random sample
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a sample in which every member of a population has an equal chance of participating
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stratified random sample
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a random sample in which known subgroups in a population are represented in proportion to their numbers in the population
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case study
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a carefully drawn, in-depth biography of an individual or a small group of individuals that may be obtained through interviews, questionnaires, and historical records
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survey
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a detailed study of a sample obtained by means such as interviews and questionnaires
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volunteer bias
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a slanting of research data that is caused by the characteristics of individuals who volunteer to participate, such as willingness to discuss intimate behavior
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confidentiality
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ethics requires that sex researchers do not reveal the identities and behaviors of participants in research. sometimes records are coded so that someone breaking into them would not be able to decipher the identity of participants. records are also usually destroyed after all useful information has been gathered
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reliability
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the consistency or accuracy of a measure
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validity
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with respect to interviews, questionnaires, and tests, the degree to which an item measures what it is supposed to measure
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incidence
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a measure of the occurrence or the degree of occurrence of an event
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frequency
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the number of times an action is repeated within a given period
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social desirability
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a response bias to a questionnaire or interview in which the person provides a socially acceptable response
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naturalistic observation
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a method in which organisms are observed in their natural environments
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ethnographic observation
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a method of research that deals descriptively with specific cultures, especially preliterate societies
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participant observation
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a method in which observers interact with the people they study as they collect data
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laboratory observation
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a method in which subjects are studied in laboratory settings
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penile strain gauge
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a device for measuring sexual arousal in men in terms of changes in the circumference of the penis
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vaginal plethysmograph
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a tampon-like probe that is inserted in the vagina and suggests the level of vasocongestion by measuring the light reflected from the vaginal walls
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vasocongestion
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congestion from the flow of blood
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myotonia
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muscle tension
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correlation
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a statistical measure of the relationship between two variables
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correlation coefficient
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a statistic that expresses the strength and direction (positive or negative) of the relationship between two variables
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experiment
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a scientific method that seeks to confirm cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating independent variables and observing their effects on dependent variables
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treatment
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in experiments, an intervention that is administered to participants
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independent variable
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a condition in a scientific study that is manipulated so that its effects may be observed
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dependent variable
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the measured result of an experiment, which is believed to be a function of the independent variable
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experimental group
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a group of study participants who receive a treatment
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selection factor
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a bias that may operate in research when people are allowed to determine whether or not they will receive a treatment
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