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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sex
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Biological maleness or femaleness
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Gender
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Psychological and sociocultural characteristics associated with our sex
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Gender Identity
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Whether the views self as male or female psychologically
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Biological Determinants of sexual anatomy
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1. Genetic Sex
2. Gonadal Sex 3. Hormonal Sex 4. Internal reproductive structures 5. External Reproductive Structures |
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Genetic Sex
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Determined by sex chromosomes
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Gonadal Sex
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Develop as homologuous sexual structures at 4-6 weeks
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Hormonal Sex
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Ovaries produce estrogens and progestational---testes produce androgens
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Internal reproductive Structures
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Will develop female internal structures unless male hormones present this is "default"
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External Reproductive Structures
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Testosterone present gives males the male structures and an absence of testosterone leads to female structures
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Hypothalamus
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In mature adults causes steady production of hormones; in females directs cyclical production of hormones
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The corpus callosum is thicker in
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females meaning more communication of the left and right brains
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Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
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Chromosomal male who are insensitive to androgens so have female genitals, shallow vagina, typically raised as females-which seems to work ok as also lack masculinization of brain
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Fetally Androgenized Females
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Masculine appearing external genitalia; usually female gender identity-many take on traditionally male behaviors and come assume male gender identity
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DHT Deficient Males
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Appear and are raised as females till puberty when transform into male-tend to have easy gender identity transformation
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Transsexualism
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Males somewhat more than females
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Transgendered
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Appearance and/or behaviors don't conform to traditional gender roles
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Transvestites
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If cross dress for sexual satisfaction
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Psychoanalytic Theories emphasize
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Early relations with parents
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Women are seen as the ___________ and men are seen as the ____________
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1. Gatekeepers
2. Movers |
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Intersexed
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Possess biological attributes of of both sexes (psuedohermaphrodites)
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Female XO Turners Syndrome
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Normal external structures (at least until puberty) but internal structures do not develop fully
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Male XXY Klinefelter's Syndrome
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Males are sterile have undersized external genitalia and may exhibit some breast development---*Usually identify as male, but some gender identity confusion
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Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love
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Passion, Intimacy, and Commitment are the three love components
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Intimacy
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Emotional component that give feelings of warmth, closeness
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Chemistry
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The intense passion experienced when falling in love is partially due to brain chemistry.
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What is released by the hypothalamus during cuddling and physical intimacy
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Oxytocin
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Characteristics of High Quality Relationships
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Supportive communication
Companionship * Seeing partner as best friend * |
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How to express and receive complaints in a relationship
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Choose right time and place
* Avoid “why” questions Limit to one complaint per discussion Ask clarifying questions Express your feelings Focus on future changes |
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What is related to sexual response and arousal
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Dopamine
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Sexual Behaviors in Adolescents
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-Related to curiosity
-As a part of closeness and intimacy (convergence of m/f here – sex as part of intimate relationship) -For males, as part of “code of masculinity” – and these more likely to have multiple partners, less intimate relationship, and less consistent condom use |
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Myotonia
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Increases muscle tension - facial grimaces, contractions of hands and feet, muscular spasms during orgasm.
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Both males and females experience
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Vasocongestion and myotonia during the sexual response cycle
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Masters and Johnson's 4 phase SRC
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1. Excitement
2. Plateau 3. Orgasm 4. Resolution |
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This only happens in males
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Refractory Period
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Refractory Period
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Period during which males do not have a second orgasm - may be minutes to days depending on age, frequency of intercourse, etc.
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Resolution
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Return to baseline - heart rate, blood pressure, myotonia
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Resolution in Males
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Erection subsides, testes descend, return to normal size
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Resolution in Females
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Clitoris descends, labia return to normal size
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Orgasm
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Involuntary muscle contractions throughout body
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Excitement
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Increase heart rate, blood pressure, vasocongestion, mytonia
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Excitement in males
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Erection, testes elevate (protection?), engorge
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Excitement in females
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Lubrication, clitoris swells, labia separate, darken
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