Human Sexuality Chapter 4

Front 1

corporal cavernosa

Back 1

cylinders of spongy tissue in the penis that become congested with blood and stiffen during sexual arousal

Front 2

corpus spongiosum

Back 2

the spongy body that runs along the bottom of the penis, contains the penile urethra, and enlarges at the tip of the penis to form the glans

Front 3

corona

Back 3

the ridge that separates the glans from the body of the penis

Front 4

frenulum

Back 4

the sensitive strip of tissue that connects the underside of the penile glans to the shaft

Front 5

root

Back 5

the base of the penis, which extends into the pelvis

Front 6

shaft

Back 6

the body of the penis, which expands as a result of vasocongestion

Front 7

foreskin

Back 7

the loose skin that covers the penile glans. Also known as the prepuce

Front 8

phimosis

Back 8

an abnormal condition in which the foreskin is so tight that it cannot be withdrawn from the glans

Front 9

scrotum

Back 9

the pouch of loose skin that contains the testes

Front 10

spermatic cord

Back 10

the cord that suspends a testicle within the scrotum and contains a vas deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and the cremaster muscle

Front 11

vas deferens

Back 11

a tube that conducts sperm from the testicle to the ejaculatory duct of the penis

Front 12

cremaster muscle

Back 12

the muscle that raises and lowers the testicle in response to temperature changes and sexual stimulation

Front 13

dartos muscle

Back 13

the muscle in the middle layer of the scrotum that contracts and relaxes in response to temperature changes

Front 14

germ cell

Back 14

a cell from which a new organism develops

Front 15

sperm

Back 15

the male germ cell

Front 16

androgens

Back 16

male sex hormones

Front 17

testosterone

Back 17

a male steroid sex hormone

Front 18

interstitial cells

Back 18

cells that lie between the seminiferous tubules and secrete testosterone

Front 19

leydig's cells

Back 19

another term for interstitial cells

Front 20

semiferous tubules

Back 20

tiny, winding, sperm-producing tubes within the lobes of the testes

Front 21

spermatogenesis

Back 21

the process by which sperm cells are produced and developed

Front 22

spermatocyte

Back 22

an early stage in the development of sperm cells, in which each parent cell has 46 chromosomes, including one X and one Y sex chromosome

Front 23

spermatids

Back 23

cells formed by the division of spermatocytes

Front 24

23

Back 24

How many chromosomes does each spermatid have?

Front 25

spermatozoa

Back 25

mature sperm cells

Front 26

epididymis

Back 26

a tube that lies against the back wall of each testicle and stores sperm

Front 27

vasectomy

Back 27

severing of the vas deferens, preventing sperm from reaching the ejaculatory duct

Front 28

seminal vesicles

Back 28

small glands that lie behind the bladder and secrete fluids that combine with sperm in the ejaculatory ducts

Front 29

ejaculatory duct

Back 29

a duct formed by the convergence of a vas deferens with a seminal vesicle through which sperm pass through the prostate gland and into the urethra

Front 30

cilia

Back 30

hairlike projections from cells that beat rhythmically to produce locomotion or currents

Front 31

Cowper's glands

Back 31

structures that lie below the prostate and empty their secretions into the urethra during sexual arousal

Front 32

Bulbourethral glands

Back 32

another term for Cowper's glands

Front 33

prostate gland

Back 33

the gland that lies beneath the bladder and secretes prostatic fluid, which gives semen its characteristic odor and texture

Front 34

semen

Back 34

the whitish fluid that constitutes the ejaculate, consisting of sperm and secretions from the seminal vesicles, prostate, and Cowper's glands

Front 35

urethritis

Back 35

an inflammation of the bladder or urethra

Front 36

cryptorchidism

Back 36

a condition in which one or two testicles fails to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum

Front 37

benign prostatic hyperplasia

Back 37

enlargement of the prostate due to hormonal changes of aging and symptomized by urinary urgency and difficulty starting the flow of urine

Front 38

prostatis

Back 38

inflammation of the prostate gland

Front 39

erection

Back 39

enlargement and stiffening of the penis caused by engorgement with blood

Front 40

performance anxiety

Back 40

feelings of dread and foreboding experienced in connection with sexual activity (or any other activity that might be judged by another person)

Front 41

sacrum

Back 41

the thick, triangular bone located near the bottom of the spinal cord

Front 42

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Back 42

the division of the nervous system that regulates automatic bodily processes, such as heartbeat, pupil dilation, respiratory, and digestion

Front 43

sympathetic

Back 43

the branch of the ANS most active during emotional responses that spend energy, such as fear and anxiety. Largely controls ejaculation.

Front 44

parasympathetic

Back 44

the branch of the ANS most active during processes that restore energy, like digestion. Largely controls erection.

Front 45

Peyronie's disease

Back 45

excessive curvature of the penis that can make erections painful

Front 46

emission stage

Back 46

the first stage of ejaculation, which involves contractions of the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and the upper part of the vas deferens

Front 47

ampulla

Back 47

a sac or dilated part of a tube or canal

Front 48

urethral bulb

Back 48

the small tube that makes up the prostatic part of the urethral tract and balloons out as muscles close at either end, trapping semen prior to ejaculation

Front 49

expulsion stage

Back 49

the second stage of ejaculation, during which muscles at the base of the penis and elsewhere contract rhythmically, forcefully expelling semen and providing pleasurable sensations

Front 50

retrograde ejaculation

Back 50

ejaculation in which the ejaculate empties into the bladder