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281 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The etymological meaning of the English Word, Horticulture, is
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B. To care, tend, cultivate garden plants
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The characteristics of horticultural plants, crops or businesses would include all of the following EXCEPT
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D. Variety and diversity is not important or recognized by consumers
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A Land Grant University, such as the U of A, was
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D. Established with funds from the sale of federal land granted to the state by an act of Congress
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The tri‐partite mission of land grant universities such as the University of Arkansas is
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B. Teaching, research, outreach
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Which Crop is a horticultural crop?
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A. Roses
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Horticultural Specialty crops have an economic farm‐ gate value in US Agriculture of approximately
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C. $50billion
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In the recent recession (2008‐2012), there has been a significant decrease in home gardening activity. (T/F)
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B. False
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On what percentage of US agricultural crop land are Horticultural Specialty Crops produced?
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B. 3%
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To meet USDA nutritional dietary requirements to maintain good health, consumers should eat
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A. 40‐60%oftheirdaily calories from fruits and vegetables
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Horticulture is an important hobby with economic significance in the US. (T/F)
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A. True
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Gardens and images of horticulture (plants, flowers, and fruits) are important to many societal mythologies of human beginnings and human deities. (T/F)
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A. True
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The early roots of agriculture (and formation of societies) including the domestication of many horticultural plants such as fruits and herbs began
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B. The period of 7000 to 10,000 bce
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Contributions of the Egyptians to early horticulture included the following
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A. Domestication of crops and early preservation techniques
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The specularium probably first introduced by Romans, was an early form of
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B. Mica-covered greenhouses for production of plants out of season or out of their natural region
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Botanic and Medic Gardens used by Royal families and monasteries during the medieval period were collections of
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B. Plants with medicinal, economic or other special uses
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“New World” crops discovered by European explorers and early American settlers included
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A. Corn, tomatoes, squash
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Victory Gardens, where an estimated 40% of all consumed vegetables were raised, were popularized during
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D. World War II
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Benefits of kitchen and home gardening include:
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A. Supplemental source of food and nutrion
B. A low-cost family activity and hobby for exercise and health C. Beautification of personal property D. *All of the above |
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Benefits of Community Gardens include
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C. Improved sense of community and quality of life
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School Gardens have few or dubious benefits either in the formal educational curricula or co-curriculum in a school. (T/F)
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B. False
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Extra Credit: Community farms have as their purpose or benefits
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A. Developing Community
B. Addressing food insecurity C. Teaching gardening skills by “crowd sourcing” D. *All of the above |
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Why do we eat fruits and vegetables?
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A. Theyaddcolor,flavor, and nutrients to our diet
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What is one of the best practices you can do to prevent food poisoning?
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B. Wash your hands
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As a gauge of vegetable nutrient content, what counts?
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A. Size
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Which Vegetables originated in China?
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D. Soybeans (Edamame) and Chinese Cabbage
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Which of the following is not a requirement for plant growth.
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D. Sound
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The smallest indoor garden can be used to grow:
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B. Sprouts
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Lime is added to the soil to make
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C. Raise soil pH and make nutrients available
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A starter fertilizer is used to prevent:
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D. Transplant shock
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Containers for vegetable production should:
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B. have holes drilled in the bottom for drainage
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Blossomendrotoftomatoesis caused by:
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D. a calcium deficiency
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Bt is used to control:
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D. Larvae of butterflies and moths
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Cold Frames and tunnels are used to:
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A. Extend the season
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Which are salad greens?
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E. All of the above
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The law “COOL” ensures that you know :
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C. The country of origin of the produce
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Which is not a sweet pepper?
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B. Serrano
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When Columbus landed in the Caribbean he was looking for _______ and found ______.
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B. peppercorns ... chilies
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Capsaicin of peppers is found on tissue next to:
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D. The seeds in the fruit
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Lettuce that is grown in a nutrient solution is growing in ______________ culture.
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C. Hydroponic
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Cucurbits have which two types of flowers?
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B. Male and Female
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Which of the following can be used to disinfect the surface of produce?
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A. Bleach
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Chili Pepper and Black Pepper come from the same plant. (T/F)
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B. False
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All Chili Peppers Originated in the New World? (T/F)
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A. True
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The Chemical Responsible for the “heat” in Chili Pepper is:
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C. Capsaicin
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Capsaicin is Located in Glands in What Part of a Chili Fruit?
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C. Placenta
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Capsaicin Evolved as a Protective Mechanism to Discourage Mammals From Eating the Plant. (T/F)
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A. True
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Heat Content in Chili Pepper is Measured in:
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D. Scoville Heat Units
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography directly measures capsaicin content in Chili Peppers. (T/F)
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A. True
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Climate Can Effect Heat Levels in Chili Peppers. (T/F)
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A. True
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Butter or Other Foods Containing Fat Can Neutralize Capsaicin in the Mouth. (T/F)
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A. True
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Currently, the World’s Hottest Chili Pepper at 2 million SHU’s is
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D. Trinidad Moruga Scorpion
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What was the crop that was grown at EuroFresh in Willcox, AZ?
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D. tomatoes
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What was the primary climatic factor that was important in EuroFresh deciding to locate in Willcox, AZ?
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C. light levels
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What was used at EuroFresh to pollinate the crops?
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C. Bumble bees
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What was used at EuroFresh to initially screen debris from the irrigation solution after it returned from the greenhouse?
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B. sand filters
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What was used at EuroFresh to disinfest (kill bacteria, fungi, etc.) irrigation solution after it returned from the greenhouse?
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C. UV light tubes
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In addition to providing hot water for heating, what was the other purposed served by the boilers at EuroFresh?
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A. toproduceCO2 (carbon dioxide) for the crop
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What was used at EuroFresh to minimize or prevent foliar fungal diseases from occurring on the crops?
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A. Encarsia formosa
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White fly was the major insect pest at EuroFresh. What did they use to control Whitefly?
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A. Encarsia formosa
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What was periodically put through the irrigation lines at EuroFresh to removes salts build up and to prevent clogging of the emitters?
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A. sulfuric acid
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What was the substrate (artificial soil) that was used to grow the crop at Eurofresh?
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D. rockwool
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Which of the following crops is not listed in the Seven Spices of the Holy Land?
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C. Apples
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The abundance this product was the proof that Israel had fulfilled the will of God
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C. Wine
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Today, we have as many uses for olives as during Biblical times. (T/F)
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B. False
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Olives are adapted what type of climate?
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B. Mediterranean
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During biblical times the olive symbolized peace and reconciliation. (T/F)
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A. True
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This fruit has the weirdest sex in the plant kingdom
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A. Fig
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In color and form, this fruit may vie for the title of the most beautiful of all fruit in the Land of Israel:
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D. Pomegranate
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Today, people consume pomegranate juice to get:
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B. Antioxidants
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Data types depend on:
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D. Type of sugar
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This plant has been used as a substitute for chocolate:
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A. Carob
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Which is a term that refers to the
process by which a plant cell becomes specialized in its structure or function? |
B. differentiation
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Which is a term that refers to the process by which a plant cell becomes less or unspecialized in its structure or function after it had previously become specialized
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A. Dedifferentiation
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When plant cells are grown on a growth medium high in auxins, the formation of which type of structure is usually favored?
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C. Roots
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What substance is typically added to a tissue culture growth medium to provide energy to the developing cells or plants?
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C. sucrose
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What was the term that referred to the initial piece of plant tissue that was used to initiate a culture of plant tissue?
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A. explant
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What substance(s) is typically added to a tissue culture growth medium to induce the development of plant shoots?
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B. cytokinins
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What material was commonly used in the tissue culture lab to sterilize the plant tissue before it was placed into tissue culture?
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A. Bleach
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What material was added to the culture medium to make it stiff or firm?
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D. agar
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What piece of equipment to sterilize the growth medium after it was placed in the baby jars and sealed but before it was used?
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B. autoclave
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What piece of equipment was used to provide workers a sterile work area while they placed plant tissues into the baby food jars or conducted plant tissue transfers?
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D. laminar flow hood
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In 1962, Rachel Carson wrote the book Silent Spring with the thesis being
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C. Widespread insecticide use would result in the loss of birds
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Sustainable Agriculture Systems
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B. Uses environmental and economic outcomes as metrics
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The three domains or “legs” of sustainability include
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D. All of the above
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Carbon footprints and sustainability labeling of food may be used to help consumers make environmentally sustainable consumption decisions. (T/F)
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A. True
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There are defined USDA national standards for labeling foods for sustainability. (T/F)
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A. False
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The term “local” in reference to local food is not a well defined term, but is often used to refer to food produced within the geographic boundaries of a state. (T/F)
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A. True
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When considering the greenhouse gases that may affect climate change produced from the agriculture system, which component has the largest footprint of contribution?
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C. Consumer preparation
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The component of agricultural food production with the largest greenhouse gas footprint is
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D. Red meat, food processing, and restaurants
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There is no definitive, quantitative proof that local foods are better, healthier, or more nutritious than other more distantly produced foods, but they are often considered to be fresher as they are harvested closer in time to the time of sale. (T/F)
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A. True
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A sustainable advantage of local food is
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B. The increased mulitplier effect of local consumer spending, and reduced dilution effect of what is paid to farmers
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Extra Credit: Organic Production in the US is
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B. A highly regulated production system that allows labeling based upon national production standards
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Gross sales for the Arkansas Green Industry based on 2001 data are:
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C. $ 1 billion
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Which of these business sectors is NOT considered a part of the Green Industry?
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A. peach orchard
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The Land Grant Universities perform three traditional roles as a part of their overall mission, which of these is NOT one of those?
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A. athletics
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The web address for the Cooperative Extension Service of the University of Arkansas is:
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B. www.uaex.edu
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The tree, ginkgo, is classified as dioecious, that is, a plant is either male or female (bears fruit). (T/F)
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A. True
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Arkansas has no sod production in the state. All sod is brought in from surrounding states. (T/F)
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B. False
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The Cooperative Extension Service is not a part of the University of Arkansas. (T/F)
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B. False
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One plant characteristic that is used to identify/separate pines from each other is the number of needles (e.g. 2, 3, 5) per bundle. (T/F)
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A. True
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All hollies (llex) keep their leaves year round (evergreen). (T/F)
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B. False
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Botanic Garden of the Ozarks is an outstanding public garden located in Fayetteville. (T/F)
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A. True
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The last plant viewed on the campus plant walk was:
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B. 'Bonfire' dwarf peach
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Ninety percent of soil stormwater storage is lost through typical development practices. (T/F)
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A. True
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Increased runoff is the major change to the hydrologic cycle that occurs from development. (T/F)
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A. True
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Extensive green roofs have a thinner growing media profile. (T/F)
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A. True
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Reduced weight is the primary
advantage of the intensive green roof over the extensive green roof. (T/F) |
B. False
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An extensive green roof adds approximately 12‐25 pounds per square foot of weight to a structure. (T/F)
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A. True
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Sedum plant species dominate extensive green roofs. (T/F)
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A. True
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Green roofs reduce the life span of roof waterproofing membranes. (T/F)
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B. False
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Green roofs help with the Urban Heat Island effect. (T/F)
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A. True
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Instant green roof coverage is one of the two advantages of tray system extensive green roofs. (T/F)
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A. True
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Chicago has used incentives to increase the amount of green roofs in that city. (T/F)
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A. True
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Sustainability means:
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A. non‐invasive
B. environmentally friendly C. low maintenance *D. all of the above |
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Volcano mulch is:
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C. piling mulch up too high
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Most soils in Arkansas are:
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A. Acidic
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To raise an acidic pH you add:
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B. lime
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Creating pathways helps prevent:
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C. compaction
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Succulent plants work best in moist, boggy soils. (T/F)
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B. false
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Invasive plants tolerate many soil types and weather conditions. (T/F)
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A. true
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When you first spot a pest problem, your first step is to spray with a chemical. (T/F)
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B. false
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Hybrid tea roses are disease free. (T/F)
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B. false
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It is important to group plants together that have the same growth requirements. (T/F)
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A. true
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Grapes are classified in the family:
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C. Vitaceae
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Grapes are considered a plant that is classified as a:
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A. woody vine
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One legal aspect that can affect how grapes are use commercially are laws that limit
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B. Alcohol
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A grapevine is considered what type of plant?
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B. perennial
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The most widely planted fruit crop in the world is:
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D. Grapes
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The leading country in the world in area of planting of grape production is:
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A. Spain
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The leading state in the US in grape production is:
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D. California
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Grape culture originated in what region of the world?
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B. Middle East
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What grape species is primarily used for juice production
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B. Labrusca
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In the US and world, the greatest amount of grapes are used for:
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C. wine
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Color in grapes is due to
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C. pigments
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Wine grapes, compared to table grapes, are usually
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A. smaller in berry size
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Concord is a variety of what species?
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B. labrusca
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Seedlessness is most important in
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B. table grapes
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A “clone” of a plant normally comes from seeds. (T/F)
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B. False
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Seedlessness in grapes occurred due to a:
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A. mutation
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An example of an Arkansas‐developed table grape is:
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C. Jupiter
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Raisin‐making is highly dependent on:
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A. sunshine
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Grapes berries are mostly made up of:
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B. water
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In lecture, “Witch Finger” referred to what:
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A. a table grape with a unique shape
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Urbanization began when people left the cities for rural areas right after WWI. (T/F)
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B. False
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Industrialization peaked during WWII. (T/F)
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A. True
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Suburban life solved all the problems of inner city life such as congestion and traffic. (T/F)
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B. False
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By the 1980’s, suburban life was beginning to mirror urban life. (T/F)
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A. True
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Currently, suburban growth is faster than urban growth in the cities surveyed. (T/F)
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B. False
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A “walkable” lifestyle is one reason why people are moving back to the city. (T/F)
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A. True
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Wastewater treatment is the major expense that cities and regional authorities must budget for when considering future infrastructure. (T/F)
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A. True
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Porous pavement is not effective in reducing stormwater runoff. (T/F)
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B. False
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Rice hulls are a by-product that can be made into new materials such as deck planking. (T/F)
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A. True
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Urban meadows attract wildlife such as birds and pollinators such as bees into an urban site. (T/F)
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A. True
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Bonus. Green roofs are one method to increase the
sustainability of the urban landscape. (T/F) |
A. True
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The botanical family to which all of the pome fruits and stone fruits belong is
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B. Rosaceae (rose)
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The temperate zone (not tropical) fruit crop with the highest per capita consumption on a fresh weight basis in the US is
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C. Apples
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The aerial or fruiting portion of a grafted or budded apple tree is called the
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C. Scion cultivar or variety
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The genetic center of origin of apples is in North America in a range from the eastern slopes of the Cascade mountains in Washington to the western slope of the Appalachian chain in Pennsylvannia through Virginia. (T/F)
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B. False
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A major fungal disease that limits apple production in this region is
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B. Apple Scab
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A tree requiring cross‐pollination, such as apple, requires pollen from a different cultivar in order for fertilization and fruit to be formed. (T/F)
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A. True
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The preferred site for planting apple trees would include
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A. A soil with pH of 6.0‐6.8 (slightly acid) and moderate nutrition
B. Loamy texture and well drained C. Full sunlight all day *D. All of the above |
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The major apple producing country of the world on an acreage or tonnage
basis is |
A. China
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The major apple producing state in the US is
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B. Washington
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|
An “apple a day keeps the doctor away” actually has some validity because apples
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A. A low fat food and good source of fiber and potassium (K)
B. A source of antioxidants such as flavanols, pigments, and organic acids C. Have been shown to minimize the risk, reduce the incidence, or be preventative of certain cancers *D. All of the above |
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Extra Credit: The state flower of Arkansas is
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D. Apple
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Seed propagation is a type of asexual, or vegetative, plant propagation. (T/F)
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B. False
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Plants such as African violet, mother‐in‐laws tongue, and begonia can often be propagated easily by leaf cuttings. (T/F)
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A. True
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When selecting stems to take cuttings from, select stems that have flowers on them since the flowers improve rooting performance. (T/F)
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B. False
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One of the keys to successful rooting of cuttings is to maintain the relative humidity around the leaves/stems as high as possible. (T/F)
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A. True
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The position on a stem where leaves/buds are attached is called the node. (T/F)
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A. True
|
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The process of stratifying (stratification) seeds involves abrading (erode, roughen) the seed surface with sand paper or a file (for larger seeds). (T/F)
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B. False
|
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Japanese maples are most commonly grown commercially from seed since the seeds will produce plants identical to the parent plant. (T/F)
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B. False
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Budding or grafting is a vegetative propagation method used frequently in the production of fruit and ornamental trees. (T/F)
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A. True
|
|
|
Which of the following components is least likely to be used as a substrate for rooting cuttings?
|
D. Garden soil
|
|
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An easy way to elevate the humidity around leafy cuttings is to use a plastic bag or clear bottle placed over the cutting(s) to trap moisture in the rooting substrate. (T/F)
|
A. True
|
|
|
(Bonus) What plant did we take stem cuttings from at the greenhouse?
|
D. New Guinea impatiens
|
|
|
The large, well‐manicured lawn is an American cultural phenomenon. (T/F)
|
A. True
|
|
|
Greater than 50% of the people who have lawns do nothing other than mow. (T/F)
|
A. True
|
|
|
Bermudagrass will go completely dormant during the summer months. (T/F)
|
B. False
|
|
|
A dormant warm‐season grass can be overseeded with a cool‐season grass to provide a year‐round green surface. (T/F)
|
A. True
|
|
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Turfgrasses are some of the best landscape plants for sequestering carbon. (T/F)
|
A. True
|
|
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Arkansas encompasses a growing region that is commonly called the _______________________, since both warm‐ and cool‐season grasses can be grown.
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C. Transition zone
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If you had a heavily shaded lawn in NW Arkansas, which of the following grasses should you plant?
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C. Tall Fescue
|
|
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Which of the following grasses would be considered most invasive in the landscape?
|
A. Bermudagrass
|
|
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Which of the following grasses is adapted to the entire state of Arkansas
|
C. Zoysiagrass
|
|
|
If you had a full sun lawn with no irrigation system in NW Arkansas, which of the following grasses should you plant?
|
A. Bermudagrass
|
|
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Most turfgrass will only look their best at one specific mowing height. (T/F)
|
B. False
|
|
|
When mowing a turf, you should never remove more than 1/3 of the leaf blades with any mowing. (T/F)
|
A. True
|
|
|
Slow‐release fertilizers can be used less frequently and provide longer periods of response to the turf. (T/F)
|
A. True
|
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If a mower is mowing away from you, the grass will have a lighter appearance than when the mower is mowing toward you. (T/F)
|
A. True
|
|
|
Frequent, shallow watering is the best way to encourage, deep roots in turf-grasses. (T/F)
|
B. False
|
|
|
Turfgrasses produce deeper roots when the mowing height is raised. (T/F)
|
A. True
|
|
|
The primary food source for moles is earthworms. (T/F)
|
A. True
|
|
|
What is the main reason to alter the mowing patterns in a lawn?
|
B. Prevent compaction of the soil
|
|
|
What are the three most important things tested in a soil test?
|
A. Soil pH
B. Potassium (K) levels C. Phosphorous (P) levels *D. all of the above |
|
|
If you are mowing your lawn at a height of 2 inches, what is the maximum height the lawn should be allowed to grow before mowing?
|
B. 3.0 inches
|
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Fall coloration is triggered by
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c. Short days
|
|
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Yellow leaf color is caused by the production of
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d. Carotenoids
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|
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Objects appear to be a certain color because
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a. They reflect light of that color
|
|
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Chlorophyll looks green because it absorbs blue and red. (T/F)
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a. True
|
|
|
The Arkansas campus was voted last year as one of the top ten campuses in the
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d. World
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|
|
All carotenoids are yellow. (T/F)
|
b. False
|
|
|
The color expressed by anthocyanin is strongly affected by
|
c. pH
|
|
|
All anthocyanin’s are red. (T/F)
|
b. False
|
|
|
When a leaf senesces (dies), the starch and other components are:
|
b. Broken down and transported to roots and stems for winter storage
|
|
|
Red leaf color develops because anthocyanin is newly synthesized while chlorophyll is broken down. (T/F)
|
a. True
|
|
|
Bonus: Carotenoids are produced and stored in the
|
c. Vacuole
|
|
|
Tulips can be planted in spring and fall. (T/F)
|
B. False
|
|
|
In a true bulb, what is the function of the scales?
|
B. Food (carbohydrate and protein) storage
|
|
|
In a true bulb, what is the function of the basal plate?
|
A. Contains the roots
B. Anchors the flower bud C. Anchors the flower stalk *D. All of the above |
|
|
What is name of the thick outer layer of the bulb?
|
B. Tunic
|
|
|
A potato is a
|
D. tuber
|
|
|
Paperwhites are a kind of
|
B. Daffodil
|
|
|
Iris and Canna are both examples of
|
A. Rhizomes
|
|
|
What are some traits of summer‐flowering bulbs?
|
A. Summer‐ flowering bulbs are planted in the spring. B. Summer‐ flowering bulbs are tender.
*D. A & B |
|
|
Which bulbs require a chilling period in order to bloom?
|
B. Hardy spring‐flowering bulbs
|
|
|
Any plant that stores its complete life cycle in an underground storage structure is called
|
C. A bulb
D. A perennial |
|
|
The State of Arkansas lies within the tropical region of North America. (T/F)
|
B. False
|
|
|
Because of the heavy vegetation cover, tropical soils are rich in nutrients. (T/F)
|
B. False
|
|
|
A lack of winter temperatures contributes to high insect and disease pressure associated with tropical areas. (T/F)
|
A. True
|
|
|
David Fairchild was a tropical garden designer. (T/F)
|
B. False
|
|
|
William Lyman Phillips pioneered tropical landscape design in the United States and is best known for landscaping in the Panama Canal Zone. (T/F)
|
A. True
|
|
|
Roberto-Burle Marx is known for his formal classical landscape designs. (T/F)
|
B. False
|
|
|
Low light levels on the rainforest floor results in tropical landscape plants having large coarse foliage. (T/F)
|
A. True
|
|
|
Because of the shade and nice sea breezes, it is advisable to hang a hammock under a coconut palm.(T/F)
|
B. False
|
|
|
The use of leaf texture and plant form is an important design element in a tropical landscape design instead of large areas of color. (T/F)
|
A. True
|
|
|
Tropical plants need frequent pruning to reduce height and open the canopy to help mitigate hurricane damage. (T/F)
|
B. False
|
|
|
(Bonus) Tropical plants have large or showy flowers to attract specialized pollinators such as hummingbirds or bats. (T/F)
|
A. True
|
|
|
The climate of Arkansas can be described as subtropic and arid. (T/F)
|
B. False
|
|
|
A hard or killing frost is a
|
C. Is a transient event (minutes to hours) of temperatures in the range below 28oF
|
|
|
Hardiness is
|
B. The ability of a plant to withstand a severe environmental stress
|
|
|
Frost Free Days are
|
A. The number of days between the last and first frosts of the spring and fall seasons
B. Are also called the frost‐free growing season C. Varies in Arkansas from 180FFD to 240‐270FFD *D. All of the above |
|
|
The greenhouse effect in protected horticulture is
|
C. Thetrappinglong‐waveinfraredwavelengthsand heating in a greenhouse
|
|
|
A clotche jar is used to protect tender garden annuals and stimulate early season growth. (T/F)
|
A. True
|
|
|
Cold frames are above or below ground passively heated structures used to
|
D. Starting seeds for transplants or growing leafy greens in the early spring or late fall
|
|
|
A purpose of a low tunnel in garden or field vegetable production is
|
B. To advance and protect crops from frosts or pests
|
|
|
High tunnels are semi‐permanent structures that provide season extension, crop protection from weather, disease or pests, and are useful for permanent crops such as fruit crops. (T/F)
|
A. True
|
|
|
Characteristics of a greenhouse for horticultural gardening and production include
|
A. They are more permanent structures and expensive
B. They have electricity and plumbing C. There is an ability to control temperature (heating and cooling) and in some cases control gas contents (CO2 and humidity) *D. All of the above |
|
|
Dormancy is defined as
|
B. A period of low metabolic activity or lack of visible growth
|
|
|
Dormancy in plants is
|
C. An evolutionary adaptation to conserve energy and survive during periods without photosynthesis and
the exposure to sub‐optimal growing conditions |
|
|
Plants most likely to have dormancy are
|
A. Temperate zone plants
|
|
|
Quiescence is
|
C. Is cued by average daily decreasing day length and temperatures
|
|
|
The optimum cool temperature for chilling to overcome deep dormancy or rest in plants is
|
A. 45 degrees F
|
|
|
The primary signal trigger for the initiation of rest dormancy is temperature. (T/F)
|
B. False
|
|
|
Senescence in horticultural plants is
|
A. Seasonal tissue death
B. A process induced by both decreasing day length and temperature C. The process that leads to death of a plant or plant part *D. All of the above |
|
|
Plant winter hardiness and dormancy are linked and plants are most hardy when a plant is in deep rest. (T/F)
|
A. True
|
|
|
Temperate zone bulbs typically have a deep dormancy or rest period and require chilling prior to flower emergence. (T/F)
|
A. True
|
|
|
Kinds of seed dormancy include
|
A. Quiescence
B. Rest, deep dormancy C. Physical or mechanical *D. All of the above |
|
|
Chilling in buds, vernalization in bulbs and stratification in seeds are all very similar to over come rest of the organ. (T/F)
|
A. True
|
|
|
Certified Organic Production is
|
B. A production system regulated by the USDA, used for marketing and to provide consumer assurance
|
|
|
Primary aspects of certified organic production include
|
A. No use of synthetic pesticides; but approved pesticides are allowable
B. No use of synthetic fertilizers; but approved nutrients sources are allowable. C. No use of genetically modified organisms (GMO), even though GMOs may require no pesticides *D. All of the above |
|
|
Only Certified Production systems may use the USDA Organic Label and the word “Organic”. (T/F)
|
A. True
|
|
|
Which of the following products may be certified as organic
|
A. Foods
B. Feeds, feedstocks, seed stock, nursery stock for food crops C. Cosmetics, clothing *D. All of the above |
|
|
The largest segment of organic food sales is
|
A. Fruit and vegetables
|
|
|
Certified organic food products do not have to meet the same grade, quality and safety standards as conventional foods because of the difficulties in producing them. (T/F)
|
B. False
|
|
|
Good rules of thumb for organic home gardening are
|
A. Plan ahead
B. Select disease and pest resistant crops C. Regularly rotate crop locations by families within your garden *D. All of the above |
|
|
There is no quantifiable proof that organic food is better or healthier for consumers and will improve human health and longevity. (T/F)
|
A. True
|
|
|
Organic gardens do not need any supplemental nutrition or fertilizers. (T/F)
|
B.False
|
|
|
Indicators of a healthy soil in an organic garden include
|
D. The presences of worms, and worm channels
|
|
|
Putting greens south of the transition zone are probably composed of:
|
A. Ultradwarf bermudagrass
|
|
|
Warm‐season and cool‐season turf species are used in Arkansas on golf course putting greens. (T/F)
|
A. True
|
|
|
Many southern golf courses _______ putting greens that go dormant in the winter.
|
C. paint
|
|
|
Golf course putting greens are typically mowed _____________ .
|
A. daily
|
|
|
Putting green mowers that use a “scissor‐like” cutting action are called _________ mowers.
|
D. reel
|
|
|
To increased putting green speed (how fast the ball rolls), golf course superintendents often:
|
A. fertilize less
B. irrigate less C. roll the turf D. decrease the mowing height E. mow two to three times daily F. all of the above |
|
|
Soil compaction, which results from human and mower traffic, is characterized by a loss in:
|
B. pore space
|
|
|
Today’s putting greens are constructed primarily of:
|
C. Sand
|
|
|
Layering sand over gravel when constructing sports turf root zones provides which benefit (vs. sand only)?
|
A. Perched water table (a water reservoir)
|
|
|
During construction, the stability of athletic fields be improved by:
|
A. Using a well‐graded sand (varying particle sizes)
|
|
|
How many of the 13 SEC BCS champs played their home games on synthetic turf during the regular season?
|
A. 0
|
|
|
Components of the landscape include
|
A. Greenscape of Plantscape
B. The Hardscape; sidewalks, paths, edging, patios, retaining walls, rocks, borders C. The Waterscape: rain gardens, ponds, waterfalls, fountains *D. All of the above |
|
|
Elements of landscape and garden design include
|
B. Color, texture, line, form
|
|
|
The secondary colors are purple, green, and orange. (T/F)
|
A. True
|
|
|
Complimentary colors in landscape and garden design would be represented by
|
A. green hollies with red berries
B. A planting of yellow coreopsis, and purple Echinacea C. Red tulips with green stalks *D. All of the above |
|
|
The use of formal lines in a garden are typically represented by
|
A. Use of straight lines, geometric features, and strong symmetry
|
|
|
The volatile compounds which comprise fragrances in plants are typically alcohols and the aromatic compounds of terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, and fatty acids. (T/F)
|
A. True
|
|
|
Plants parts that have fragrances to consider planting in your garden include
|
A. Flowers
B. Foliage C. Fruits and berries *D. All of the above |
|
|
A key to a successful and beautiful garden is to eliminate wildlife such as amphibians, fish, butterflies, and birds. (T/F)
|
B. False
|
|
|
Butterflies and moths are attracted to a garden primarily by sight; attractive flowers to the larvae and adults of the life cycle stage of the insects
|
B. False
|
|
|
A bird food source that is attractive to song and nesting birds, but that squirrels typically do not like is
|
D. Safflower seeds
|
|
|
A reason to plant crabapples, pyracantha, and ornamental pears in your landscape, aside from their spring flowers, their astringent odor, their attractive foliage, and the fact they all have beautiful fruit on the plant in the midst of winter, is
|
C. They attract fruit feeding birds
|
