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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Urinary system contains |
Kidney Ureters Bladder Urethra |
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Renal system |
Blood fliteration- cleaning/filtration/Dialysis of blood -urine formation -urine transport -urine storage and release -regulates blood pressure -stimulates erythropoiesis (blood cells formation) -activation of vitamin D -ph control |
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Renal system function |
Produces, stores and eliminates urine Urine travels from the kidneys through two thin tubes called ureters and fills the bladder when the bladder is full urine is removed through the urethra |
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Kidenys |
Are paired organs enveloped by a Capsule and each kidney is divided into outer cortex and inner medulla |
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Stroma of cortex and medulla of kideny |
Loose CT Cortex: renal interstitial cortex cells as fibroblasts like cells and secrete erythropoirtin Medulla: renal interstitial medullary cells, type 1- as fibroblast like cells, type II - mononuclear cells, type III - pericytes |
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Medulla of kidney |
CT- collecting tubule V- Vasa recta N- Nucelus of interstitial cell P- cytoplasmic processes of interstitial medullary cell D- lipid droplets C- collagen fibers |
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Nephron |
Renal corpuscle Proximal convoluted tubule Henle loop Distal convoluted tubule |
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Hilum |
A concavity on the medial border of the kidney Houses: 1. Arteries vessels 2.vein vessels 3.lymphatic vessels 4. Nerves 5. Renal pelvis |
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Henle loop |
Thick descending limb Thin descending limb Thin ascending limb Thick ascending limb -Distal convoluted tubule Pars recta of the distal tubule Macula densa Distal convoluted tubule |
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Renal corpuscle |
-Vascular pole: is the site on the bowman Capsule where the afferent glomerular arteriole enters the glomerulus and the efferent glomerular arteriole leaves the glomerulus -urinary pole: is the site on the bowmans Capsule where the Capsule space becom3s continuous with the lumen of the proximal convoluted tubule |
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Bowmans capsule |
-Parietal layer: is the simple squamous epithelium that lines the outer wall of tbe bowmans capsule -Visceral layer: is the modified simple squamous epithelium (composed of podocytes) that lines the inner wall of the bowmans capsule and envelops the glomerular capillaries -Bowman space: is the narrow cavity between the Visceral and Parietal layers into which the ultrafiltrate passes |
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Renal glomerulus |
The tuft of capillaries that extend into the bowmans capsule Glomerular endothelial cells: -form the inner layer of the Capillary walls -have a thin cytoplasm that is thicker around the nucleus -posses large fenestrae but lack the thin diaphragms Basal lamina: -between the podocytes and the glomerular endothelial cells Intraglomerular mesangium: - the interstitial tissue between glomerular capillaries composed of intraglomerular mesangial cells and extracellular matrix |
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Podocytes |
Highly modified epithelial cells that form the Visceral layer of bowmans capsule -synthesize glomerular endothelial growth factor a signaling molecules that facilitates the formation and maintenance of the glomerular endothelial cells -have complex shapes and posses several primary processes that give rise to many secondary processes called pedicels |
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Pedicels |
Embrace the glomerular capillaries and interdigitate with pedicels arising from other primary processes -their surfaces facing bowmans space are coated with podocalyxin - pedicels posses integrin molecules that cause them to adhere to the basal lamina -a filtration slit diaphragm |
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The renal filtration barrier |
Permits passage of water,ions and small molecules from the bloodstream into the capsular space but prevents passage of large and or most negatively charged proteins, thus forming an ultrafiltrate of blood plasma in the bowman space |
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The proximal convoluted tubule |
A single layer of irregularly shaped epithelial cells that have microvilli forming a prominent brush border |
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Juxtaglomerular apparatus |
Macula densa cells: may monitor the osmolarity and volume of the fluid in the distal tubule JG cells l: synthesize renin and stores it in secretory granules Extraglomerular mesangial cells |
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Mesangial cells |
Also known as lacis cells and lie between the afferent and efferent glomerular arterioles |
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Collecting tubules |
Principal (light) cells possess a round central nucleus and a single primary cilium responsible for concentrate urine Intercalated (dark) cells are less numerous than principal cells and possess microplicae on their apical surfaces Medullary collecting tubules: contain both principal and interclated cells Papillary collecting tubules: Lined by simple epithelium composed of columnar and empty at area cribrosa |
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Calyces |
Transitional epithelium Rericular, elastic fibers A few inner longitudinal and outer circular smooth muscle fibers Urine from collecting tubules empty into minor calyces |
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Renal pelvis |
Transitional epithelium Reticular, elastic fibers Inner longitudinal outer circular layer of smooth muscle Expanded upper portion of tbe ureter receives urine from the major calyces |
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Ureter |
Conveys urine from tbe renal pelvis of each kidney to the urinary bladder Transitional epithelium Possesses two layer of muscles |
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Urinary bladder |
Tunica mucosa: transitional epithelium and lamina mascularis Tunica mascularis: longitudinal, circular Adventitia and Tunica serosa |
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Urethra |
conveys urine from tbe bladder to outside of the body In male the urethra also carries seven during ejaculation |
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Male urethra |
Prostatic: transitional epithelium, fibroelastic vascular CT Membranous: pseudostratified or stratified columnar, fibroelastic stroma Cavernous: pseudostratified or stratified columnar, replaced by erectile tissue of corpus spongiosum of corpus spongiosum |
