Urinary System

Front 1

name the four functions of the body?

Back 1

1. absortion
2. distribution
3. metabolism
4. excretion

Front 2

mineral replacement for dialysis


ferrous sulfate

Back 2

Feosol
route: po
ind: dialysis, also for Fe deficency
dose: hemodialysis: (900 mg) peritoneal dialysis (500-900 mg)
>>constipation, black stools
iron supp. are usu. given with stool softeners to counteract side effect of constipation

Front 3

blood former


epoetinaefa (erythropoietin)

Back 3

Epogen, Procrit
route: SC or IV
ind: dialysis
dose: for dialysis patients 75 units/kg 3x weekly
>>HTN, HA, nausea, emesis
must be kept refrigerated

Front 4

name drug action of thiazide and thiazide-like agents?

Back 4

the equal increase of urinary excretion of the ions Na and Cl. this is done by the inhibition of the normal process of reabsorption within the ascending tubule folloing the loop Henle and in the early distal tubules. they also increase the loss of K and HCO3, so a K supplement must be taken with this type of medication.

Front 5

name common side effects of thiazide and thiazide-like agents

Back 5

frequent urination. taken early in the day, one can avoid or reduce nocturia

Front 6

thiazide or thiazide-like agents


indapamide

Back 6

Lozol
ind: edema resulting from HTN, CHF, and other conditions
route: po
dose 2.5 mg qd
action: the equal increase of urinary excretion of the ions Na and Cl. this is done by the inhibition of the normal process of reabsorption within the ascending tubule folloing the loop Henle and in the early distal tubules. they also increase the loss of K and HCO3, so a K supplement must be taken with this type of medication.
>> HA, dizzy, upset stomach,frequent urination. taken early in the day, one can avoid or reduce nocturia
Tk c food or milk
do not crush tablet

Front 7

thiazide or thiazide-like agent



hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

Back 7

Esidrix
ind: edema resulting from HTN, CHF, and other conditions
route: po
dose: 25-100 mg qd or intermittently
action: the equal increase of urinary excretion of the ions Na and Cl. this is done by the inhibition of the normal process of reabsorption within the ascending tubule folloing the loop Henle and in the early distal tubules. they also increase the loss of K and HCO3, so a K supplement must be taken with this type of medication.
>>GI upset and photosensitivity, frequent urination. taken early in the day, one can avoid or reduce nocturia
Tk c food or milk

Front 8

thiazide or thiazide-like diuretics


chlorothiazide

Back 8

Diuril
ind: edema resulting from HTN, CHF, and other conditions
route: po, IV
dose: .5 to 1 g qd or bid
action: the equal increase of urinary excretion of the ions Na and Cl. this is done by the inhibition of the normal process of reabsorption within the ascending tubule folloing the loop Henle and in the early distal tubules. they also increase the loss of K and HCO3, so a K supplement must be taken with this type of medication.
>>photosensitivity, frequent urination. taken early in the day, one can avoid or reduce nocturia
Tk c food or milk

Front 9

thiazide or thiazide-like diuretics



metolazone

Back 9

Zaroxyln
ind: edema resulting from HTN, CHF, and other conditions
route: po
dose: 5-20 mg qd
action: the equal increase of urinary excretion of the ions Na and Cl. this is done by the inhibition of the normal process of reabsorption within the ascending tubule folloing the loop Henle and in the early distal tubules. they also increase the loss of K and HCO3, so a K supplement must be taken with this type of medication.
>>photosensitivity,frequent urination. taken early in the day, one can avoid or reduce nocturia
Tk c food or milk

Front 10

name drug action of loop diuretics?

Back 10

loop diuretics inhibit reabsorption of Na and Cl in the proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule and within the loop of Henle.

Front 11

name side effects of loop diuretics?

Back 11

a great deal of K is loss during treatment on loop diuretics, therefore a K supp. is usually prescribed

Front 12

loop diuretic



bumetidine

Back 12

Bumex
ind: edema caused by CHF and/or HTN
route: po
dose: .5 to 2 mg qd to bid
action: loop diuretics inhibit reabsorption of Na and Cl in the proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule and within the loop of Henle.
>>GI upset, dizziness ligheadedness
a great deal of K is loss during treatment on loop diuretics, therefore a K supp. is usually prescribed
Tk c food or milk

Front 13

loop diuretic



torsemide

Back 13

Demadex
ind: edema caused by CHF and/or HTN
route: po, IV
dose: 10-20 mg qd
action: loop diuretics inhibit reabsorption of Na and Cl in the proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule and within the loop of Henle.
>>dizzy, ligheadedness, photosensitivity
a great deal of K is loss during treatment on loop diuretics, therefore a K supp. is usually prescribed

does not need to be taken with food or milk

Front 14

loop diuretic



furosemide

Back 14

Lasix
ind: edema caused by CHF and/or HTN
route: po, IV
dose: 20-80 mg daily
action: loop diuretics inhibit reabsorption of Na and Cl in the proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule and within the loop of Henle.
>>GI upset
Tk c food or milk

Front 15

name drug action of potassium-sparing agents?

Back 15

The K-sparing agents work primarily in the distal convoluted tubule and inhibit Na reabsorption, which decreases K loss.

Front 16

what cautions should people on K-sparing diuretics take?

Back 16

people on K-sparing diuretics shold avoid large quantities of K-rich food

Front 17

K-sparing diuretic



amiloride

Back 17

Midamore
ind: edema caused by CHF and HTN
route: po
dose: 5 mg qd
action: The K-sparing agents work primarily in the distal convoluted tubule and inhibit Na reabsorption, which decreases K loss.
>>GI upset, dizziness, HA, visual disturbances
Tk c food

Front 18

K-sparing diuretic



spironolactone

Back 18

Aldactone
ind: edema caused by CHF and HTN
route: po
action: The K-sparing agents work primarily in the distal convoluted tubule and inhibit Na reabsorption, which decreases K loss.
dose: for edema: 25-200 mg qd
>>drowziness, mental confusion, dizzy

Front 19

K-sparing diuretic


triamterene

Back 19

Dyrenium
ind: edema caused by CHF and HTN
route: po
dose: 100 mg bid pc
action: The K-sparing agents work primarily in the distal convoluted tubule and inhibit Na reabsorption, which decreases K loss.
>>GI upset, HA
tk pc

Front 20

name drug action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

Back 20

these drugs inhibit carbonic anhydrase they inhibit H ion secretion by the renal tubule causing an increase in urination of Na, KHCO3, and H20

Front 21

name side effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

Back 21

possible GI upset, photosensitivity and drowsiness

Front 22

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor


acetazolamide

Back 22

Diamox
route: po, IV, IM
dose: 250-375 mg qd
action: these drugs inhibit carbonic anhydrase they inhibit H ion secretion by the renal tubule causing an increase in urination of Na, KHCO3, and H20
Tk c meals
>>possible GI upset, photosensitivity and drowsiness

Front 23

name drug action of osmotics

Back 23

osmotics ihibit tubular reabsorption of H2O by increasing the osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate.

Front 24

name types of incontinence

Back 24

stress
urge
reflex
functional
overflow

Front 25

describe stress incontinence

Back 25

stress incontinence is due to relaxed pelvic muscles because of lower estrogen levels, or mutiple pregnancies

Front 26

describe urge incontinence

Back 26

urge incontinence is due to CNS disorders sucha s Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease tumors, and bladder disorders.

Front 27

describle reflex incontinence

Back 27

reflex incontinence is due to CNS disorder

Front 28

describe functional incontinence?

Back 28

functional incontinence is due to age: older adults lose mobility or balance

Front 29

describe overflow incontinence

Back 29

overflow incontinence is due to Hyper plasia, bladder neck obstruction following surgery

Front 30

conditions affecting the urinary system

anuria

Back 30

lack of urine: <100mL/24h

Front 31

cystitis

Back 31

inflammation of the bladder

Front 32

edema

Back 32

increase in fluid in cells, tissues, and/or cavities

Front 33

hyperkalemia

Back 33

excessive increase of K in the blood

Front 34

hypokalemia

Back 34

excessive decrease of K in the blood

Front 35

incontinence

Back 35

lack of control of urination or feces

Front 36

Oliguria

Back 36

little urine output: >100mL/24h but <400mL/24h

Front 37

Polyuria

Back 37

Excessive or large volume of urine within a certain time

Front 38

Pyelonephritis

Back 38

inflammation of the kidney

Front 39

uremia

Back 39

excess urea in the blood

Front 40

urethritis

Back 40

inflammation of the urethra

Front 41

urolithiasis

Back 41

kidney stomes name of calcium or salts

Front 42

Osmotic

mannitol

Back 42

Osmitrol
action: osmotics ihibit tubular reabsorption of H2O by increasing the osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate.
Ind: They provide prophlaxis of acute renal failure when the glomerular filtration is reduced. also used for IOP in glaucoma.
route: inj
strength: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%
dose: 20-200 g given over 24h

Front 43

Osmotic

Urea

Back 43

Ureaphil
action: osmotics ihibit tubular reabsorption of H2O by increasing the osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate.
ind: They provide prophlaxis of acute renal failure when the glomerular filtration is reduced.
route: inj
strength: 40g/150mL
dose: 30% sol. by slow IV infusion not to exceed 4mL/min

Front 44

osmotic


glycerin

Back 44

Osmoglyn
action: osmotics ihibit tubular reabsorption of H2O by increasing the osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate.
ind: They provide prophlaxis of acute renal failure when the glomerular filtration is reduced.
route: po sol.
strength: 50%
dose: 1-2g/kg, 1 to 1.5 h before surgery

Front 45

Osmotic


Isosorbide

Back 45

Ismotic
action: osmotics ihibit tubular reabsorption of H2O by increasing the osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate.
ind: They provide prophlaxis of acute renal failure when the glomerular filtration is reduced.
route: po sol.
strength: 45%
dose: 1-3g/kg bid to qid prn