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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stages of Human Lifespan... |
-Prenatal (40 weeks) -Infancy (0-2 yrs) -Early Childhood (2-6 yrs) -Late childhood (6-12 yrs) -Youth (12-19 yrs) -Early Adulthood (19-40 yrs) -Middle Adulthood (40-65 yrs) -Late Adulthood (65+) |
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Prenatal includes: |
-Fertilisation (sperm penetrates an egg) forming zygote -The fastest growth period of all lifespan stages |
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Infancy includes: |
- 0 to 2 yrs -Rapid growth with many changes (running, communicating,develops motor skills etc.) |
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Early Childhood includes: |
-2 to 6 yrs -characterised by slow and steady growth -many new skills are accomplished (eg. social skills, eat in a table with adults, toilet trained etc) |
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Late Childhood includes: |
-6 to 12 yrs -characterised by slow and steady growth -physical, intellectual, emotional and social changes (eg. reading and writing skills, developing long term memory, understanding gender types, refining motor skills) |
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Youth includes: |
-12 to 18 yrs -puberty starts -young people gaining independence and reach maturity (also sexual maturity) -characterised as rapid growth -physical changes in order to achieve sexual maturity -changes in PIES (development) because of independence, complex relationships, life goals |
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Early Adulthood includes: |
-19 to 40 yrs -body reaching its physical peak around 25-30 yrs, followed by a steady decline in body systems -changes in PIES (eg. getting married, being career focused etc) |
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Middle Adulthood includes: |
-40 to 65 -stability in work and relationships -further development in maturation of values and beliefs, financial security -physical ageing (menopause for women) |
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Late Adulthood includes: |
-65 until death -change in lifestyle: retirement and financial security, voluntary work, more leisure activities -grief for death of friends or loved ones -health declines significantly and reflect on their life, assessing their life choices |
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Individual Human Development definition: |
Individual human development encompasses the changes that people experience from conception until death |
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Physical Development includes: |
-refers to the changes that occur to the body and its systems (external - eg. height and internal changes - eg. increasing size of the heart) -Motor skills -Complexity of organs -Declining of body systems -Growth |
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Motor skills includes: |
-refer to the control of the muscles within the body Can be classified as: gross - movements involving large muscles such as walking, throwing etc fine - movements involving the small muscles such as writing, tying shoelaces etc |
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Growth and development of body systems include: |
-in the uterus, embryo begins to develop its vital organs and systems required to sustain life -increased complexity f organs -as the the embryo develops, organs develops and changes size. -physical development occurs contantly |
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Decline of Body systems includes: |
-reach physical peak in the early 20's to early 30's -most systems decline (eg. circulatory, skeletal system) factors of ageing: -differences in rate and timing of development -behaviours (eg. eating diet, smoking, exercising) |
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Social Development includes: |
refers to the social skills and behaviours that are learnt from a young age -Behaviors -Social roles (friend, son/daughter, employee) -Values and beliefs (religion, compassion, opinion) -Communication skills (written, oral) -Relationship skills |
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Emotional development includes: |
refers to developing full change of emotions and learning appropriate ways of dealing with and expressing these emotions -Self-concept -Awareness of emotions -management of emotions -expressing feelings |
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Intellectual development includes: |
-refers to both the processes that occur within the brain and to the increasing complexity of the brain -Language -Attention -Memory -Problem solving -Knowledge -Imagination and creativeness -Thought patterns |
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Example of interrelationship of human development: |
Paul was loves basketball, he's a basketball player and practices in his backyard everyday. He loves going to school for he is very popular and gets to be with his friends and his girlfriend Amy. One day, he found out that his girlfriend is cheating on him and was very upset. He stopped playing basketball and sometimes doesn't have the appetite to eat. He doesn't hang out with his friends anymore and just hangout in the library by himself. |
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What is developmental milestone? |
refers to the changes and achievements that occur throughout the lifespan (learning how to walk, potty train, school, college, getting married) |
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What is primary and secondary sex characteristics? Give examples. |
Primary sex characteristics are those parts of the body that are directly involved in reproduction (vagina, penis) Secondary sex characteristics are those parts of the body that is not directly involved in reproduction (pubic hair, muscle mass increase) |
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Determinants of health and development... |
-Genetics -Hormonal changes -Body weight |
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Genetics.. |
-Biological information that is passed down from parents to children at the point of conception |
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Hormonal changes |
-Biological determinant are responsible for the process of puberty (hormones produced from the pituitary gland) -Influences the body's rate of development -May impact on health (motor skills, older youth friends) |
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Body weight |
Body weight that does not fall within the healthy range can have a number of effects on youth development: -Young people who are underweight/obese/overweight may not be eating enough food that provides adequate nutrition |
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BMI (body mass index) includes: |
-measures weight BMI= weight (kg) / height (m) |
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Heath definition from WHO |
health is state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity |
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Limitation of the definition: |
'complete' -always changing (dynamic) -unachievable |
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Physical health refers to: |
Physical health refers to the current condition of the body and its systems |
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Social health refers to: |
Social health refers to interactions and all social needs met (healthy social health) |
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Mental health refers to: |
Mental health refers to a state of wellbeing in which the individual realises his/her own abilities, can cope with normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully ans id able to contribute with the community |
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Give an example of interrelationship of health: |
Linda is a gymnast. During practice she fell and broke her hip. she was sent to the hospital to be recovered. she needs to stay for more than 1 month for hip replacement. She has gained a little weight and has been very upset everyday. Until she met another patient named Chris they give each other company. Linda has adapted to the hospital. |
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What is health status and health indicators? |
Health status allows informed judgements to be made about health of various groups Health indicators are the measures to measure health status |
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Life expectancy |
It gives an indication of how long a person can expect to live |
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Mortality |
-Mortality refers to deaths in a population in a given period of time -It can also be measured by YLLs (years of life lost - due to premature death) |
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Morbidity |
Morbidity refers to ill health (disease, injury, disability) Morbidity can me measured in: -the number of people reporting a condition -YLD's (years lost due to disability - is a measure of the impact of morbidity in a group/population) |
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Incidence and prevalence |
-both are two measures used to present morbidity data Incidence refers to the number of new cases of condition in a given period of time Prevalence refers to the total number of cases of a condition at a given time |
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Burden of disease |
Burden of disease is a health indicator that combines morbidity data with mortality data so that conditions that contribute differently to death and illness can be compared -can be measured in DALYs (disability adjusted life years) DALYs calculated: YLLs+YLDs=DALYs |
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Give an example of interrelationship of human development and health |
Mark is very sick. It can affect his health and development: Intellectual -Absence from school could mean missing out on learning concepts Emotional -Self concept decrease as he is missing out on various experience and not feeling part of a group Social -lack of social interaction Physical -May lose appetite and weakens immune system Social health -may have to stay home, so he is not able to socialise with his friends Mental -May feel frustrated and upset about having to stay home |
