Exss 175 Exam 2 Endocrine

Front 1

endocrine system regulates

Back 1

body by releasing hormones

Front 2

hormones are

Back 2

chemical messengers in blood , move from endocrine gland to target organ

Front 3

describe differences between endocrine and nervous system

Back 3

nervous- uses nerve impulse
endocrine- hormones
nerv- affects muscles glands, neurons
endo- affects all body cells

nerv- time onset is miliseconds
endo- can be hours, days

duration of action- nervo= brief
endo- longer

Front 4

endocrine system helps maintain...

Back 4

homeostasis through a negative feedback system

Front 5

a negative feedback system

Back 5

reverses the change in a controlled condition

Front 6

exocrine v endocrine glands

Back 6

exocrine- secretes into body cavities, lumen, or outside the body

endocrine excrete into extracellular space that can diffuse into the blood

Front 7

types of exocrine glands are

Back 7

sudoriferous, sebaceous, mucous and digestive

Front 8

what are organs that excrete hormones exclusively within the body?

Back 8

hypothalamus, pituitary, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal

Front 9

what are organs that secrete hormones but not exclusively?

Back 9

pancreas, kidneys, testes and ovaries, heart, small intestine, stomach, liver, thymus

Front 10

how many types of hormones are there in the body

Back 10

over 50

Front 11

what are the 4 things hormone release is controlled by

Back 11

input from nervous system
chemical change in blood
other hormones

amount released is dependent on need

Front 12

what are the 4 important functions of hormones

Back 12

regulate metabolic processes and body comp

circadian rhythms

reproductive processes

growth and development

Front 13

facts about the pituitary gland location

Back 13

located at hypophyseal fossa of sella turcica ( sphenoid bone)

suspended by infundibulum

Front 14

anterior portion of the pituitary makes up what percentage of the gland?

Back 14

75%

Front 15

what gland controls the pituitary gland and links the nervous and endocrine systems?

Back 15

hypothalamus

Front 16

what is important to remember about the hypophyseal portal system?

Back 16

the anterior pituitaries secretions are regulated by the hormone secretions of the hypothalamus

Front 17

what is the hypothalamopophyeal tract?

Back 17

posterior pituitary and hypothalamus communication

Front 18

anterior pituitary

Back 18

adenohypophysis
secretes, stores and releases hormones

tropin or tropic hormones

Front 19

posterior pituitary

Back 19

neurophypophysis

only stores and releases hormones
receives nerve impulses from hypothalamus

Front 20

what are the 5 types of trophs produced by the anterior pituitary

Back 20

somatotrophs- growth and metabolism- liver and hGH

thyrotrophs- regulate thyroid- TSh

gonadotrophs- reproductive- LH and FSH

lactotrophs- mammary PRL prolactin

corticotrophs- ACTH and MSH

Front 21

what hormones does the posterior pituitary store ?

Back 21

ADH- regulates water balance ( amount of water in urine, sweat production)

and oxytocin- helps with uterine contraction in childbirth and breast milk release

Front 22

what is the butterfly shaped gland?

Back 22

thyroid

Front 23

what is highly vascular and inferior to the larynx

Back 23

the thyroid

Front 24

thyroid gland hormones

Back 24

T3 and T4- deal with cellular metabolism, growth and development, basal metabolic

parafollicular cells deal with calcitonin

Front 25

how many parathyroid glands per lateral lobe of thyroid

Back 25

2 ( superior and inferior)

so 4 in total

Front 26

parathyroid hormone produces

Back 26

produces PTH, which comes
from principal cells

controls CA and Mg levels, and secretions are controlled by blood Ca levels

increase in osteoclasts and increase calcitrol in kidneys

Front 27

the adrenal glands are (location)
and made up of what two parts

Back 27

superior to kidneys

adrenal cortex-outside ( 90% mass)

adrenal medulla- inner portion

Front 28

what hormones does the adrenal cortex produce?

Back 28

steroids

Front 29

what are the three subdivisions of the adrenal cortex?

Back 29

outer- zona glomerulosa
middle- zona faciculata
inner- zona reticularis

Front 30

what is produced by each of the subdivisions of the adrenal cortex?

Back 30

outer- mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)

middle (glucocorticoids-cortisol, cortisone)

inner-gonadotropins (androgens)

Front 31

important facts about the adrenal medulla

innervation....

what kinds of cells, what do they do

Back 31

direct innervation from ANS
sympathomimetic- mimics sympathetic part of ANS

contains chromaffin cells which secrete catecholamines- epinephrine and norepinephrine

Front 32

the pancreas is

has ___ parts, describe

Back 32

both and endocrine and exocrine gland

head ( inferior)
body (middle)
tail ( superior)

Front 33

the exocrine tissue of the pancreas

Back 33

99% acini cells
deals with digestive enzymes in GI tract

Front 34

the endocrine tissue of the pancreas

Back 34

scattered in tiny clusters among anici cells

islets of langerhans

contain alpha cells ( 20%)0glucagon

beta cells ( 70%)-insulin

blood sugar levels

Front 35

where is the pineal gland located and what is it covered by?

Back 35

roof of the brain

the pia mater

Front 36

what does the pineal gland secrete

Back 36

melatonin which deals with sleepiness and your biological clock

Front 37

thymus gland deals with

Back 37

cardiovascular and lymphatic

Front 38

ovaries deal with secretions of

Back 38

estrogen and progesterone

Front 39

testes

Back 39

deals with testosterone production

Front 40

what are 3 disorders of the pituitary gland?

Back 40

dwarfism
giantism
acromegaly

Front 41

dwarfism

Back 41

hyposecretion of hGH
premature closer of epiphyseal plates

Front 42

giantism

Back 42

hypersecretion of hGH
abnormal increase in long bone

Front 43

acromegaly

Back 43

hypersecretion of hGH during adulthood
thickening of bones, unable to lengthen due to closure epiphyseal plates

Front 44

thyroid gland disorders

Back 44

cretinism
graves disease

Front 45

cretinism

Back 45

disorder of thyroid
hyposecretion of thyroid hormone during fetal life
skeleton and brain fails to grow

Front 46

graves disease

Back 46

disorder of thyroid
hypersecretion of thyroid hormone
continual growth of thyroid gland
exopthalamos-edema behind eyes
goiter-enlarged thyroid

Front 47

exopthalamos

Back 47

edema behind the eyes found in graves disease

Front 48

goiter

Back 48

enlarged thyroid gland in graves disease

Front 49

pancreas disorders

Back 49

diabetes mellitus
types 1 and 2

Front 50

diabetes type 1

Back 50

insulin dependent
younger crowd

Front 51

diabetes type 2

Back 51

adult onset, controlled via diet and weight loss