Exss 141 Exam 2, Infectious Disease

Front 1

infection

Back 1

invasion of body tissues by microorganisms, use body's environment to multiply and spread disease

Front 2

pathogen

Back 2

agent that causes disease

Front 3

host

Back 3

person plant animal in which pathogens live and reproduce

Front 4

carrier

Back 4

person infected with pathogen but doesnt show symptoms

Front 5

reservoir

Back 5

natural environment for a particular pathogen

Front 6

6 link transmission chain

Back 6

pathogen
reservoir
portal of exit
transmission
portal of entry
new host

Front 7

ways to break the chain

Back 7

condoms masks covering your cough hand washing insect repellant

Front 8

direct transmission

Back 8

contact with infected people or animals

Front 9

indirect transmission

Back 9

touching contaminated objects, breathing airborn pathogens
bites from infected insects
drinking or eating infected food

Front 10

how does body protect from infection

Back 10

inflammatory response, your skin

antigens- deteched by B cells and T cells

antibodies bind to infectious agents and mark them for destruction

Front 11

acquire immunity in 3 ways

Back 11

naturally- having disease
artificial- vaccine
passive- receive antibody

Front 12

4 phases of body immune response

Back 12

1- recognition of invading pathogen
2- amplification of defenses
3- attack
4- slowdown

Front 13

phase 1

Back 13

viruses invade body, thru portal entry, macrophages consume foreign cells, helper T's read this and respond

Front 14

phase 2

Back 14

helper T cells trigger production of killer T cells and B cells (interleukins and interferons) stimulate increase in antibodies

Front 15

phase 3

Back 15

killer t cells strike foreign cells , sacrifice body cells to destroy foreign organism

Front 16

phase 4

Back 16

danger is over and suppressor T cells halt immune response. memory mounted for future infections

Front 17

what are the immunological defenders of the human body

Back 17

neutrophils
macrophages
natural killer cells
dendritic cells
lymphocytes
t cells
bcells

Front 18

histamine

Back 18

chemical that increases permeability of blood vessels in allergic rxns

Front 19

neutrophils

Back 19

white blood cells that attack and kill pathogens

Front 20

macrophages

Back 20

devour pathogens and worn out cells

Front 21

natural killer cells

Back 21

directly destroy virus infected cells

Front 22

dendritic cells

Back 22

reside in tissue and eat pathogens

Front 23

lymphocytes

Back 23

WBC

Front 24

types of lymphocytes

Back 24

T cells
Bcells
memory t and B cells

Front 25

what are the 4 phases of the inflammatory response

Back 25

1- dendritic cells are drawn to site
2- helper t cells multiply
3- killer t cells strike, cell mediated immune response
4- suppressor t cells

Front 26

herd immunity

Back 26

greater than 90% of the community is vaccinated

Front 27

immunization involves

Back 27

priming the body to remember an encounter with a specific antigen

Front 28

anaphylactic shock

Back 28

body drops in blood pressure
tightening of airways
possibly unconsciousness and death

Front 29

2 types of asthma

Back 29

allergic- pollen venom peanuts

intrinsic- exercise or cold

Front 30

viruses

Back 30

cannot multiply without invading body cells

ex: hepatitis A B C
herpes
HPV


diseases caused:
common cold
flu
mono
hepatitis
herpes
AIDS
cervical cancer

Front 31

bacteria

Back 31

single celled microorganisms that invade a host and reproduce inside, releasing toxic enzymes

examples- staph
strep
tuberculosis
chlamydia
gonorrhea

diseases caused:
meningitis
staph
strep
lyme
syphilis
gonorrhea

Front 32

fungi

Back 32

organism that must get food from organic matter including human tissue

ex:
trichophytan
histoplasma

diseases caused:
yeast infection, thrush
jock itch
ringworm

Front 33

protozoa

Back 33

single celled parasite that rely on other living things for food

ex: tricho vaginalis

diseases caused: malaria
trichomoniasis

Front 34

parasitic worms

Back 34

multicellular parasite that is ingested or burrows in skin

ex: tape worm pin worm hook worm

Front 35

what is a group of viruses that cause the flu

Back 35

influenza

Front 36

what is a worldwide epidemic of a disease

Back 36

pandemic

Front 37

mononucleosis

Back 37

causes fatigue sore throat fever headaches and swollen glands

Front 38

hepatitis

Back 38

inflammation of the liver
jaundice can be seen

Front 39

most common form of hepatitis

Back 39

hepatitis A

Front 40

how is hepatitis B transmitted

Back 40

sexual contact

Front 41

what is the primary reason for liver transplants in the US?

Back 41

hepatitis C

Front 42

examples of staph infections

Back 42

toxic shock syndrome

methicillin resistant staph (MRSA)

Front 43

bulls eye rash is associated with

Back 43

lyme disease