Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
127 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
gross anatomy
clinical oriented surface anatomy |
without dissection
structure and function visualize what is underneath skin |
|
|
articular system
|
joints of body
|
|
|
saggital plane
frontal plane transverse plane |
divides into L and R
divides into anterior and posterior divides into superior and inferior |
|
|
sagittal plane = what axis
frontal transverse |
mediolateral
AP longitudinal |
|
|
flexion and extension occur in what plane
|
saggital
|
|
|
abduction and adduction occur in what plane
|
frontal
|
|
|
external and internal rotation occur in what plane
|
transverse
|
|
|
upward rotation =
|
move arms up
|
|
|
the mediastinum contains all thoracic organs except
|
the lungs themselves
|
|
|
each pleural cavity surrounds
|
one lung
|
|
|
quadrants of abdominopelvic cavity
RLQ RUQ LUQ |
RLQ-appendicitis
RUQ-galbladder LUQ-spleen |
|
|
how many bones in axial skeleton
|
80
|
|
|
only moveable joint of skull
|
mandible
|
|
|
how many cranial and how many facial bones
|
8 cranial
14 facial |
|
|
foramen in temporal bone
|
carotid and jugular
|
|
|
sphenoid bone is located at
|
base of the skull
|
|
|
what process is a site for jaw attachment on the sphenoid bone
|
ptyerogoid process
|
|
|
the optic nerve runs through what bone
|
sphenoid
|
|
|
the orbits are formed by how many bones of the skull
|
7
|
|
|
how many vertebrae
how many regions how many bones per region |
26 verts
5 regions cervical- 7 thoracic-12 lumbar-5 sacrum5 fused coccygeal 4 fused |
|
|
curves of spine
|
anterior convex with cervical and lumbar
anterior concave- thoracic and sacral |
|
|
the primary curves are
|
thoracic and sacral
|
|
|
know the 7 cervical vertebrate
|
atlas-supports skull
axis- permits side to side rotation 7th is vertebra prominens |
|
|
epidural block is given in what part of spine
|
coccyx
|
|
|
ribs 1-7 are
ribs 8-12 |
true- attach to sternum
false- no direct attachment |
|
|
ribs 11-12 are
|
floating
|
|
|
parts of sternum
|
manubrium
body xiphoid process- ossifies by age 40 |
|
|
capitulum articulates with
trochlea articulates with |
radius
ulna |
|
|
carpal tunnel includes what nerve
|
median
flexor retinaculum |
|
|
the pelvic brim separates
|
superior and inferior portions of pelvis
|
|
|
greater false pelvis
lesser true pelvis |
above pelvic brim
contains urinary bladder and prego uterus below pelvic brim surrounds pelvic cavity |
|
|
female v male pelvis
|
female is shallower, wide pelvic outlet
male is deeper, narrow outlet |
|
|
intercondylar eminence
|
between femur and tibia
|
|
|
navicular is
cuboid is |
medial
lateral |
|
|
semilunar valves
|
prevent backflow into heart
aortic- btw left v and aorta pulmonary-btw right v and pulmonary trunk |
|
|
endocrine v exocrine
|
exocrine diffuse into organs and bodies
endocrine diffuses into extracellular space |
|
|
exclusive endocrine glands
|
pituitary
parathyroid pineal adrena theyroid |
|
|
pancreas deals with what hormones
|
insulin and glucagon
|
|
|
what is the master gland that is controlled by hypothalamus
|
pituitary gland
|
|
|
what is the major link between nervous and endocrine system
|
pituitary gland
|
|
|
parathyroid hormones
|
regulate ca and mg levels
secretion controlled by ca level |
|
|
epinephrine and norepinephrine are secreted by what organ
|
kidney
|
|
|
what is both and exocrine and endocrine gland
|
pancreas
|
|
|
what percentage of pancreas is exocrine tissue
|
99% acini cells
|
|
|
pancreas endocrine tissue types
|
alpha- 20% deal with glucagon
beta- 20% deal with insulin |
|
|
pineal gland
|
melatonin
in skull deals with sleeping |
|
|
pituitary gland disorders
|
dwarfism
giantism acromegaly |
|
|
thyroid gland disorders
|
cretinism -hypo
graves disease-hyper |
|
|
muscle composition from muscle bundle
|
muscle bundle
fascicle fiber myofibril sarcomere filament |
|
|
contractile element of muscle
|
myofibril
|
|
|
functional unit of contraction in a muscle is
|
sarcomere
|
|
|
thick filaments
thin filmanet |
myosin
tropin actin |
|
|
most of the neurons in our body are
|
multipolar
|
|
|
all sensory neurons are
|
unipolar
|
|
|
myelin sheath
|
multilayered lipid
insulates axon increases conduction velocity schwann cells |
|
|
degrees of myelination
|
a-alpha-large fast, motor
a-beta-large myelinated fast touch sense a-delta-small slow respond to pain or temp c-unmyelinated |
|
|
what are the meninges layers
|
dura mater
arachnoid mater pia mater |
|
|
what is the space between vertebral column and dura mater
|
epidural space
|
|
|
what is the space between arachnoid and dura mater
|
subdural mater
|
|
|
what is the space between pia mater and arachnoid mater
|
subarachnoid space, which contains cerebrospinal fluid
|
|
|
denticulate ligaments
|
extension of pia mater
|
|
|
conus medullaris
cauda equina filum terminale |
conus-where spinal cord ends
cauda-where spinal nerves come down filum terminale-pia mater anchored down to coccyx |
|
|
gray matter of spinal cord
|
inside
intergrates interneurons and motor neurons spinal reflexes |
|
|
white matter of spinal cord
|
sensory info
|
|
|
spinal nerves are named for
in cervical in thoracic |
above for cervical
below for thoracic |
|
|
the diaphragm is innervated by the what nerve
|
phrenic
|
|
|
mnemonic for subunits of brachial plexus
|
roots trunks divisions cords branches
|
|
|
diencephalon contains
|
thalamus
hypothalamus pineal gland |
|
|
brain stem includes
|
midbrain
pons medulla |
|
|
medulla oblongata
|
cardiovascular
respiratory sneeze cough cranial nerves |
|
|
pons
|
respiratory center for inhalation and exhalation
|
|
|
midbrain
|
connects cerebrum with lower parts of nervous system
|
|
|
thalamus is
|
relay center
part of diencephalon 1 on each side limited communication with cerebral cortex |
|
|
hypothalamus
|
maintains homeostasis
regulates hunger and ANS |
|
|
cerebral cortex v corpus callosum
|
cortex- outer gray matter
corpus-inner white |
|
|
frontal lobe contains
|
brocas area- produce speech
frontal eye field precentral gyrus primary motor |
|
|
parietal lobes contain
|
post central gyrus
deals with touch temp pressure |
|
|
temporal lobe contains
|
wernikes area- understanding speech differentiation of speech and music
hearing pitch and rhythm |
|
|
occipital lobe contains
|
primary visual
detects shapes colors movement |
|
|
L v R hemisphere brain
|
L- deals withlanguage numbers
R-deals with art spacial |
|
|
what is the central constricted area of cerebellum
|
vermis
|
|
|
cerebellum functions
|
posture and balance
|
|
|
know the cranial nerves via pneumonic
|
oh oh oh to touch and feel very good velvet ah heaven
optic olfactory oculomotor trochlear trigimenal abducens facial vestibulocochlear glossopharyngeal vagus accessory hypoglossal |
|
|
what nerve deals with adduction and downward movement of the eye and reaction to light
|
oculomotor
|
|
|
what nerve controls upward movement of eye
|
trochlear
|
|
|
what cranial nerve deals with mastication and is mixed
|
trigeminal
|
|
|
what nerve deals with abduction of eye
|
abducens
|
|
|
what cranial nerve deals with saliva release and taste buds
|
glossopharyngeal
|
|
|
what nerve deals with swallowing and vocalization
|
vagus
|
|
|
what cranial nerve deals with tongue movement
|
hypoglossal
|
|
|
nocireceptors relate to
|
pain in skin
|
|
|
what are 3 types of proprioceptors
|
muscle spindles
joint kinestheitics receptors tendon organs |
|
|
what proprioreceptor deals with muscle stretching
|
muscle spindle
|
|
|
what proprioreceptor deals with acceleration and deceleration
|
joint kinesthetic receptor
|
|
|
process of visual input
|
cones or rods
graded potentials nerve impulses in ganglion cells optic nerve optic chiasm optic tract thalamus primary visual in occipital |
|
|
near sighted
|
myopia
image is in front of retina correct with concave lens |
|
|
farsighted
|
hyperopia
image is behind lens correct with convex lens |
|
|
2 types of equilibrium
|
static- in relation to body position in gravity
dynamic- in relation to deceleration or acceleration and rotation receptors in hair cells |
|
|
ANS either
|
excites or inhibits
|
|
|
general pathway of air flow
|
nose
pharynx trachea bronchi lungs |
|
|
3 areas of nasal cavity
|
vestibule
olfactory respiratory-major portion |
|
|
the oropharynx houses two pairs of what
|
tonsils
palatine and larynx |
|
|
the thyroid cartilage is also called
|
adams apple
|
|
|
cricoid cartilage
|
forms inferior wall of larynx
landmark for tracheotomy |
|
|
what is the windpipe
|
trachea
|
|
|
bronchial tree
|
L and R bronchi
lobe bronchi secondary segmentary third bronchioles terminary bronchioles respiratory bronchioles alveolar ducts alveoli |
|
|
how many lobar ( secondary) bronchi in L and R lung
|
R- 3 lobes
L-2 lobes |
|
|
1st time for gas exchange occurs in
|
respiratory bronchioles but is not the main place
|
|
|
cardiac notch is found in
|
left lung only
|
|
|
how many fissures per lung
|
R has 2
L has 1 |
|
|
during inspiration what muscle contracts
|
external intercostals
|
|
|
what gives urine its color
|
bilirubin
|
|
|
passage of urine drainage
|
collecting duct
papillary duct minor calyx major calyx renal pelvis ureter urinary bladder |
|
|
what is the functional portion of the kidney
|
parenchyma
contains cortex and pyramids |
|
|
what is the site of blood filtration
|
renal corpuscle
|
|
|
renal tubule contains and deals with
|
passage of filtrate
proximal convoluted tubule loop of henle distal convoluted tubule |
|
|
collection center for urine
|
renal pelvis
|
|
|
posterior v anterior trigone
|
posterior-ureteral openings
anterior- urethral |
|
|
small v large intestine
|
small- chemical and mechanical digestion
large- absorbs vitamins |
|
|
deglutition
|
act of swallowing
|
|
|
propulsion process begins in
|
mouth
|
|
|
largest salivary gland
|
parotid, site of mumps infection
|
|
|
origin of peristalsis
|
phayrynx
|
|
|
4 stomach regions
|
cardia
fundus body pyloris |
|
|
small intestine parts
|
duodenum- receives bile
jejunum-primary absorption ileum |
|
|
large intestine path
|
cecum
ascending colon hepatic flecture transverse colon splenic flexture descending colon sigmoid colon rectum |
|
|
largest organ in body
|
liver
works with digestive |
