Bio 205 Exam 3 Recent

Front 1

Ischemia will result in:

Back 1

Vasodilation of the arterioles, sudden drop in blood pressure (all of these except a)

Front 2

Why is it essential to maintain venous pressure?

Back 2

Venous pressure is maintained so EDV can be maintained. If EDV is dropped, the heart cannot pump blood well.

Front 3

In Alzheimer's disease, a defective cytoskeletal protein __ has been implicated.

Back 3

TAU

Front 4

Which of the following will affect mean arteriole pressure?

Back 4

Autonomic innervation, temperature, active hyperemia, EDV (all of these)

Front 5

Which of the following is in proper order regarding the inflammatory reflex?

Back 5

Tissue damage, vagal sensory fibers, brain stem, parasympathetic fibers, celiac ganglion

Front 6

Which of the following will NOT result from increased carotid pressure?

Back 6

Arteriole vasodilation

Front 7

A carotid massage would be used to treat:

Back 7

Tachycardia

Front 8

An edema may be caused by:

Back 8

A decrease in plasma protein, increase in interstitial fluid protein, liver malfunction (all of these except A)

Front 9

In the heart, NE acts via the __ receptor and is released from __.

Back 9

1. Beta-1

2. Postganglionic fiber.

Front 10

What is the role of If channels?

Back 10

They are "funny" because unlike other channels, they open when negative, directly after an AP. They allow both K and Na in, causing a depolarization, which open ICaT channels.

Front 11

A tastant is detected by ___ located in the __.

Back 11

1. Gustatory cells

2. taste buds

Front 12

The __ and __ prevent valvular prolapse during ventricular systole.

Back 12

1. Chordae tendinae

2. Papillary muscle

Front 13

Define Starling's Law.

Back 13

The greater the distension of the ventricular wall, the more forceful the contraction is.

Front 14

Which of the following does not emerge directly from the aortic arch?

Back 14

Right subclavian artery.

Front 15

A person with a heart beat of 80/minute and stroke volume of 80mL would have a cardiac output of __.

Back 15

6.4 L

Front 16

During a period of intense studying, __ waves will predominate in the EEG.

Back 16

Beta

Front 17

Hemoglobin can regulate blood flow through an organ by releasing __.

Back 17

Nitric oxide

Front 18

A muscle pump will affect:

Back 18

Venous return pressure, EDV, cardiac output, MAP, movement of lymph (all of these)

Front 19

Atrial natriuretic factor, ANF, is an effective diuretic because:

Back 19

Inhibits aldosterone release by the adrenal cortex

Front 20

The most conspicuous tunic of an artery is the __.

Back 20

Tunica media.

Front 21

In the beta cell of the pancreas, depolarization is brought about by __.

Back 21

Closed K channels.

Front 22

During the QRS phase, the atrio-ventricular valves are:

Back 22

Closed.

Front 23

Which of the following contributes to heartbeat coordination?

Back 23

Intercalated disc, gap junctions, myogenic nature of some cells, specialized conducting system (all)

Front 24

Which of the following represents the normal pathway of an A. P. (action potential) in a healthy heart?

Back 24

SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers

Front 25

During the ___ phase of the heart cycle the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves will be open:

Back 25

Ventricular systole, Atrial diastole

Front 26

In order to slow down the heart rate one could:

Back 26

Apply a muscarine agonist

Front 27

In the baroreceptor reflex the afferent pathway to the medulla is via the __ and __.

Back 27

1. Glossopharyngeal

2. Vagus

Front 28

All of the following can be applied to the conducting system of the heart EXCEPT:

Back 28

Cells have a plateau phase. (only contractile fibers have this)

Front 29

The sensitivity of the muscle spindle is maintained by:

Back 29

Gamma motor fiber activation

Front 30

Why does the plateau phase exist in contractile myocardial fibers?

Back 30

Funny channels open when negative, directly after AP. This opens ICaTs which are slow acting long lasting Ca channels. This prolongs the depolarization and makes repolarization take longer.

Front 31

Which of the following represents an autoregulatory mechanism for blood flow through an organ?

Back 31

Active hyperemia and pressure regulation (both A and B)

Front 32

Which of the following applies to the cross extensor reflex:

Back 32

The ipsilateral interneuron affecting the contralateral flexor is inhibitory

Front 33

Vasodilation of blood vessels is induced by NO because it activates the enzyme __ within the smooth muscle cells of the vessel.

Back 33

Guanylyl cyclase.

Front 34

Define Cataplexy.

Back 34

The state one can fall under when suffering from narcolepsy. Muscle tonus is lost, but you are still awake in sleep paralysis.

Front 35

In the fetus, blood will bypass the liver via the __.

Back 35

Ductus venosus

Front 36

What is the ductus venosus?

Back 36

A fetal blood vessel that bypasses the liver, instead going to the inferior vena cava, then to the right atrium.

Front 37

What is the fate of the umbilical arteries after birth?

Back 37

Proximal region becomes internal iliac arteries, distal becomes the umbilical ligament on the bladder.

Front 38

__ is a protein needed to activate the Ca pump (SERCA) in the cardiac muscle cell.

Back 38

Phospholamban

Front 39

During relaxation of the cardiac fiber, Ca leaves the cell by what process?

Back 39

Secondary active transport

Front 40

In the human circulatory system the greatest amount of blood volume is found within the __.

Back 40

Veins and venules.

Front 41

Which of the following is part of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

Back 41

Atrioventricular valves.

Front 42

When lymph is returned to the blood it is deposited at __.

Back 42

where the subclavian vein and jugular vein meet in the neck.

Front 43

The stimulus for the myotactic reflex is __ and the stimulus for the inverse myotactic reflex is __.

Back 43

1. Change in the muscle length

2. Tension to the golgi tendon organ

Front 44

Starling's Principles are associated with:

Back 44

Bulk flow

Front 45

Compared to the superior vena cava, the pulmonary veins ___.

Back 45

Carry blood that is high in pO2.

Front 46

A brain disorder that results from the deletion of over 20 genes and is manifested by facial deformities and over compensation by the left side of the cerebrum is:

Back 46

Williams Syndrome

Front 47

Which of the following will affect mean arteriole pressure?

Back 47

Autonomic innervation, temperature, active hyperemia, EDV (all of these)

Front 48

What is endothelin?

Back 48

Endothelin is a hormone released by the heart. A potent vasoconstrictor.

Front 49

Which of the following will NOT result from increased carotid pressure?

Back 49

Increase in mean arterial pressure

Front 50

In the heart, AcH acts via the __ receptor and is released from __.

Back 50

1. muscarine

2. vagus nerve

Front 51

What is involved with cytopempsis?

Back 51

Large molecules get across the capillary by vesicular transport. Capillary cells form endocytic vesicle on the blood side, which is transported to the outside.

Front 52

During the sleep phase which of the following are low:

Back 52

Serotonin, histamine, NE (all of theses except D, melatonin)

Front 53

What is meant by pyramid decussation?

Back 53

Decussation means to "cross over". The pyramidal tracts reach the beginning of the spinal cord, and cross over. This is why our left brain hemisphere controls the right side of our body, and the right hemisphere controls the left.

Front 54

The serous membrane of the heart is the __ layer.

Back 54

Outer or pericardium

Front 55

What are chylomicrons?

Back 55

Re-esterified lipids that have cholesterol and proteins, which are too big to get into the blood.

Front 56

What is the fossa ovalis?

Back 56

The foramen ovale closes up after birth, and becomes a depression in the wall of the interatrial septum.

Front 57

__ is a protein needed to activate the Ca pump in the cardiac muscle cell.

Back 57

ATPase

Front 58

During relaxation of the cardiac fiber, Ca leaves the cell by what process?

Back 58

An antiporter that employs secondary active transport.

Front 59

Active vasodilation of the arterioles of the skeletal muscle is accomplished by activating __ nerve fibers and the release of the neurotransmitter __.

Back 59

1. Sympathetic

2. Epinephrine

Front 60

The AP in the conducting fibers:

Back 60

is for the most part calcium dependent, is a spontaneous potential, utilizes ICaL channels, utilizes ICaT channels (all apply except C)

Front 61

REST may be protective against this disease:

Back 61

Alzheimer's

Front 62

Demonstrates genetic anticipation:

Back 62

Huntington's disease

Front 63

Due to a deficiency in hypocretin:

Back 63

Narcolepsy

Front 64

The right cerebral hemisphere is affected:

Back 64

Williams syndrome.

Front 65

The left cerebral hemisphere is affected:

Back 65

Savant syndrome.

Front 66

Elfin like features may be apparent:

Back 66

Williams Syndrome

Front 67

Typically, the person has IQ between 40 and 70:

Back 67

Savant syndrome

Front 68

In the inflammatory reflex, an antagonist to __ will allow the macrophages to continue releasing cytokines and the inflammatory reaction will intensify.

Back 68

AcH

Front 69

What is the effect of endocannibinoids on glial cells?

Back 69

Pain suppression.

Front 70

The transfer of non-nucleic acid (non viral or genetic) particles called __ have been suggested as causes for many neurodegenerative disorders.

Back 70

Prions.

Front 71

An important g-protein __ functions in phototransduction in the retina.

Back 71

Transducin.

Front 72

In the beta cell of the pancreas depolarization and subsequent release of insulin is triggered by the closure of the __ channels.

Back 72

Potassium.

Front 73

In cardiac muscle cells the Z line is:

Back 73

Associated with the intercalated disc

Front 74

The __ nerve provides both afferent and efferent signals as part of the inflammatory reflex.

Back 74

Vagus nerve

Front 75

Which is a shared feature of both the heart and capillaries:

Back 75

Simple squamous epithelium.

Front 76

The KCC2 is implicated in:

Back 76

Allodynia, chronic pain (both A and B)

Front 77

During the process of chewing the __ reflex is activated.

Back 77

Stretch

Front 78

Which of the following will be affected by damage to the gamma motor fiber:

Back 78

Contraction of the intrafusal muscle fibers