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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Otosclerosis |
Autosomal dominant Replacement of normal bone by vascular spongy bone 20-40 years Conductive deafness, tinnitus, flamingo tinge of TM, +ve family history |
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Drug Ototoxicity |
Gentamicin Furosemide Aspirin Cytotoxic agents |
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Audiograms |
Anything above 20dB line is normal Sensorineural loss - impaired bone and air conduction Conductive loss - impaired air conduction Mixed - impaired bone and air conduction with air often worse than bone conduction |
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Allergic rhinitis |
Nose becomes sensitised to allergens Features - sneezing, bilateral nasal obstruction, clear nasal discharge, nasal pruritus, post nasal drip. Mx - allergen avoidance, antihistamine, intranasal steroids, oral steroids, topical nasal decongestants - oxymetazoline. |
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Trigeminal Neuralgia |
Unilateral, brief electric shock like pains - trigeminal nerve division Mx - carbamazepine, refer if < 50 years + failure to respond to treatment |
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NICE indications for antibiotics with sore throat |
Marked systemic upset Unilateral peritonsillitis Hx of rheumatic fever Increased risk from acute infection If >= 3 Centor criteria are present |
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Centor sore throat criteria |
If >=3 present - 40-60 % chance that caused by group A beta-haemolytic stretococcus Presence of tonsillar exudate Tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy or lymphadenitis History of fever Absence of cough |
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Bell's Palsy |
Acute, unilateral, idiopathic, facial nerve paralysis. 20-40 years and more common in pregnancy LMN facial nerve palsy, post-auricular pain, dry eyes, altered taste, hyperacusis Mx - prednisolone 1mg/kg for 10 days within 72 hours of onset, eye care. Untreated - 15 % permanent moderate-severe weakness |
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Indications for tonsillectomy |
Sore throats are due to tonsillitis >= 5 episodes per year Symptoms occurring >= 1 year Episodes of sore throat are disabling and prevent normal function. Other indications - recurrent febrile convulsions, breathing difficulties, peritonsillar abscess. |
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Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) |
Sudden onset dizziness and vertigo triggered by moving the head Mean age - 55 years Positive Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre Mx - self resolving, Epley manoeuvre, Hawthorne -Cooksey exercises |
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Cystic hygroma |
Congenital lymphatic lesion, typically found in the neck on the left Most evident at birth and 90 % present before 2 years. |
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Branchial cyst |
Oval, mobile cystic mass that develops between the sternocleidomastoid muscle and pharynx Failure of obliteration of the 2nd branchial cleft in embryological development Present in early adulthood |
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Nasal polyps |
2-4 times more common in men Associations - aspirin, asthma, infective sinusitis, CF. Features - nasal obstruction, rhinorrhoea, sneezing, reduced taste and smell. If suspected - refer ENT |
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Oral ulceration red flags
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Unexplained ulceration of the oral mucosa or mass persisting > 3 weeks. Unexplained red and white patches of the oral mucosa that are painful, swollen, or bleeding. Symptoms or signs related to the oral cavity > 6 weeks if a definitive diagnosis of a benign lesion cannot be made. |
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Vestibular neuronitis |
Preceeded by viral symptoms - spontaneous onset vertigo, imbalance, nausea and vomiting. No tinnitus or hearing loss. |
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Drug induced tinnitus |
Aspirin Aminoglycosides Loop diuretics Quinine |
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Motion sickness |
Hyoscine > cyclizine/cinnarazine > promethazine |
