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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are somatotypes? |
Body shape or physique |
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What are the 3 main somatotypes? |
- Mesomorph - Endomorph - Ectomorph |
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How can a persons somatotype be altered? |
- Change in diet - Specified training |
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Describe an endomorph |
- A lot of body weight - A lot of fat on the upper arms and thighs - Wide hips and narrow shoulders - Fairly slim wrists and ankles |
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Describe a mesomorph |
- Very little body fat - A muscular body - Broad shoulders and narrow hips - Strong forearms and thighs |
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Describe an ectomorph |
- Very little muscle or fat - Narrow hips and shoulders - Thin arms and legs - Narrow chest and abdomen - Thin face |
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Give an sporting example for each of the somatotypes |
Mesomorph; Rower/sprinter Endomorph; Sumo wrestlers/Weight lifters Ectomorphs; Jockeys/Long distance runners |
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Give one advantage for each somatotype |
Mesomorph: - More muscle mens more power and no extra weight to take away from that power Ectomorph: - Little body means less weight to carry and tire you out during competitions Endomorph: - More powerful due to larger amount of weight |
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How could you alter your body shape in order to become an endomorph? |
- Eating more - Exercising less - Increase body fat |
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How could you alter your body shape in order to become an mesomorph? |
- Weight training - Eating more protein - Increase in muscle size |
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How could you alter your body shape in order to become an ectomorph? |
- Eating less - Exercising more - Decreasing body fat |
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Define what an ideal somatotype is |
The body type that is most suited to a sport or a certain position in a given sport |
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Define optimum weight |
The best weight/desirable weight - the best at which a player performs at |
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What does optimum weight depend on? |
- Height - Sex - Bone structure - Muscle girth |
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How does height impact optimum weight? |
In general the taller you are, the more you should weigh |
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How does sex impact optimum weight? |
Men usually have a higher optimum weight than women of the same height |
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How does bone structure impact optimum weight? |
Some people have bigger bones and are naturally heavier, but without being overweight |
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How does muscle girth impact optimum weight? |
People with big, well-developed muscles can weigh a lot without being overweight |
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Define overweight |
Having weight in excess to normal |
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Define overfat |
Having body fat in excess of normal - an abnormally large percentage of their body is composed of fat |
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What could being overeat lead to? |
- High blood pressure - Strokes - Heart attacks |
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Define obesity |
Obese people are people who are extremely over fat |
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What could being obese lead to? |
- Heigh blood pressure - Heart disease - Diabetes |
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Define under weight |
Weighing less than is normal or healthy |
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What could being under weight lead to? |
- Women having irregular periods - Poor health - Drained energy - Malnutrition |
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Define anorexia |
A prolonged eating disorder due to the loss of appetite |
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How can risks associated with physical activity be reduced? |
- Warm up - Cool down - Checking equipment - Par-Q - Correct clothing - Balanced competition - People listening to the rules |
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What does a cool down prevent from happening? |
D.O.M.S Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness |
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What are the two main types of drugs? |
- Recreational drugs - Performance enhancing drugs |
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What are the effects of smoking on general health? |
- Raised heart rate - Raised blood pressure - Increase risk of coronary heart disease |
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What are the effects of smoking on physical activity? |
- Reduces fitness due to reduced effectiveness of the oxygen-carrying capacity of haemoglobin |
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What are the effects of alcohol on general health? |
- Affects judgement - Can increase water levels in urine and so cause dehydration - Loss of blood flow to the skin causing heat loss |
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What are the effects of alcohol on physical activity? |
- Slows reaction time - Balance and coordination are affected |
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What are the 6 performance enhancing drugs? |
Beta Blockers Anabolic Steroids Narcotic Analgesics Diuretics Stimulants Peptide Hormones |
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What are the effects of beta blockers and what are the risks of using them? |
Effects: Reduces heart rate and steady hands Risks: Reduce heart rate so much it may stop, low blood pressure, tiredness |
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What are the effects of anabolic steroids and what are the risks of using them? |
Effects: Repairs body tissue after stress, promotes muscle growth, Ability to train harder with less fatigue Risks: Females develop male features, liver&heart damage, Infertility of women, risk of heart attack |
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What are the effects of narcotic analgesics and what are the risks of using them? |
Effects: Reduces pain of an injury Risks: Nausea, highly addictive, serious injury, loss of concentration, loss of balance |
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What are the effects of diuretics and what are the risks of using them? |
Effects: Rapid weight loss, causes a person to become much lighter Risks: Dehydration, Dizziness/light headed, Kidney problems |
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What are the effects of stimulants and what are the risks of using them? |
Effects: Increased alertness, increased endurance, stimulates nervous system Risks: Raised blood pressure, Increased heart rate, hides symptoms of fatigue, addictive |
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What are the effects of peptide hormones and what are the risks of using them? |
Effects: Cause more naturally occurring hormones to be produced Risks: Thickens the blood, blood clots, cardiovascular problems |
