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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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radiation |
The movement of energy / heat in waves |
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Shorter waves |
UV |
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Longer waves |
red, infrared |
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What state of matter does radiation best pass through |
A vacuum |
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What affects radiation? |
Color black: absorbs all colors and all radiation equals hotter White: all colors are reflected absorbs less radiation equals cooler darker equals hotter lighter equals cooler |
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How do we see the color of an object |
We see the color that is reflected by an object and all other colors are absorbed |
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What effects radiation |
Texture smooth equals cooler radiation reflects rough equals hotter radiation gets trapped |
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What effects radiation |
Material different materials Heat at different rates water heat slow,Land Heats faster |
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specific heat |
How much heat is needed to change the temperature of a material (change 1 gram one degree) |
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joule |
A unit of heat (our calories) the more joules needed the more energy / time is needed to heat up the object |
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Objects that gain heat quickly... |
Lose heat quickly |
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Objects that gain heat slowly |
Lose the heat slowly |
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What affects radiation |
Latitude latitude affect insolation (angle Sun strikes) the more direct rays are stronger |
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What affects radiation |
Altitude as you go higher air pressure drops that makes air molecules spread out they do not absorb as much radiation the temperature is cooler |
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Conduction |
Heat transfer by direct contact |
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When does conduction happen |
When molecules pass it to each other |
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In what state of matter does conduction work best |
Solids work best because the molecules are close together and can easily pass eat |
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Conductor |
An object that conducts heat |
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Insulator |
Stops heat transfer |
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Closed system |
Does not exchange matter with its environment |
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What do insulators create |
Closed systems |
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Convection |
Heat transfer in a fluid due to differences in density |
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What is a fluid |
Anything that flows (liquid, gas) |
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Why does convection happen |
Cuz hot fluids on the bottom expand causing the density to drop the hot fluid Rises then cooler fluids on top drop down to the bottom the process repeats trying to reach equilibrium |
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current |
moving water |
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wind |
Moving air |
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How are winds named |
From the direction they are coming from |
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Winds coming from the north are called |
North winds |
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Wind vane (weather vane) |
Shows the wind direction (rooster, Arrow) |
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North winds |
Cold winds |
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North winds |
Cold winds |
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What does a wind vane point to |
The direction that the wind is coming from (Points North it's a North Wind) |
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anemometer |
Record wind speed (spinning cups) a (Nemo meter spins due to small fin) |
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Weather station |
Records all weather findings |
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How do land / sea breezes happen |
When an area is by a large body of water |
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What are land / sea breezes controlled by |
Convection from uneven heating (any big difference of air temperature can do this) |
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Somewhere near water (like Long Island) the seasons will be... |
Winters are warmer (by warm water) summers are cooler (by cool water) |
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areas not near water will have bigger seasonal temperature differences this leads to |
A larger yearly temperature range |
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Which is heavier wet or dry air |
Wet air is lighter than dry air (clouds are high up) |
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steam hotter so it is |
Less dense and lighter so it rises |
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Dry air is mostly |
Nitrogen |
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Water vapor is mainly |
Hydrogen |
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To make air lighter what must you do |
Add lighter hydrogen from wet air into dry air and remove heavier dry nitrogen |
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What are global winds caused by |
Convection and the rotation of the Earth |
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How does the Coriolis effect affect global winds |
It makes winds move right or left right / clockwise in the north hemisphere left/counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere |
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Where do we live in accordance to global winds |
We live in the westerlies (our winds come from the West) |
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Where do we in New York look to for tomorrow's weather |
Chicago |
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Trade winds |
Traders from Europe came to the new world using the trade winds |
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Jet stream |
Fast moving currents of air in between the convection cells of our atmosphere (pitching machine) think Finding Nemo Turtle currents |
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temperature _________ as you increase in the troposphere because air ________ as pressure ______ |
drops, thins, drops |
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Why does temperature drop as you increase in altitude |
There are less air molecules to absorb radiation |
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What layer of the atmosphere do we live in |
The bottom layer, the troposphere |
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The troposphere contains almost all |
Water weather and life |
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What happens to the air pressureas you increase in altitude |
The higher you go the less air is above you so the air pressure drops |
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How much pressure is above you at sea level |
One atmosphere of pressure (1 atm) |
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What are pauses |
Where atmosphere layers change and the temperature reverses |
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stratosphere |
contains the ozone layer; protects us from harmful UV rays this adds more molecules to the air and increases the temperature |
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ionosphere |
past the stratosphere, there are additional layers that burn up meteors and create the northern lights |
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Air pressure |
the weight of air being pulled down on an area |
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what affects air pressure? |
temperature and altitude |
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Air moves from.... |
high pressure to low pressure |
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is there more air pressure at sea level or less? |
more because there is more air above you, so you have more pressure |
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which has more pressure: the south pole, or the equator? |
the south pole because the air is colder and therefore more dense (air pushes down, convection cell) |
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the bigger the difference in pressure... |
the faster the air will move (it's trying to equalize) |
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barometer |
measures pressure, in inches or millibars |
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where are the phase changes? why? |
b+c, d+e the Heat goes in to changing the phases, not the temperature |
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weather |
current conditions outside |
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climate |
the average weather of an area |
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acronym for Changes in weather |
WHAT |
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W |
winds (direction, speed) |
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H |
humidity (amount of water in the air) |
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A |
Air pressure (cloudy/sunny) |
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T |
temperature |
