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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Eluviation
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The washing out of fine soil components from the A-horizon by downward-percolating water.
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Solum
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The O, A, and B horizons in the sub-profile where living roots and plant and animal life are confined to.
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Soil Profile
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A vertical section through a soil showing its succession of horizons and the underlying parent material.
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Laterite
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A red, highly leached soil type found in the tropics.
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Leaching
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The depletion of soluble materials from the upper soil by downward-percolating water.
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Regolith
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The layer of rock and mineral fragments that nearly everywhere covers Earth's surface.
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Differential Weathering
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The variation in the rate and degree of weathering caused by such factors as mineral makeup, degree of jointing, and climate.
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Fall
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A type of movement that refers to the free falling of detached individual peices of any size.
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Secondary Enrichment
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The concentration of minor amounts of metals that are scattered through unweathered rock.
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Horizon
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A layer in the soil profile.
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Parent Material
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The material upon which a soil develops.
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Weathering
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Disintegration and decomposition of rock at or near Earth's surface.
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Talus
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An accumulation of rock debris at the base of a cliff.
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Pedalfer
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Soil of humid regions in the B horizon.
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Humus
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Organic matter in soil produced by the decomposition of plants and animals.
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Soil
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The portion of regolith that supports plant growth.
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Pedocal
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Soil associated with drier regions in the upper horizons.
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Mass wasting
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Transfer of rock material downslope under the influence of gravity.
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Erosion
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Incorporation and transportation of material by a mobile agent, usually water, wind, or ice.
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Mechanical Weathering
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The breaking down of a rock into smaller peices made up of the rock's original material.
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Frost Wedging
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The mechanical breakup of rock caused by the expansion of freezing water in cracks and crevices.
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Chemical Weathering
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The processes by which the internal structure of a mineral is altered by the removal and addition of elements.
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Exfoliation Domes
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A large, dome-shaped structure, usually composed of granite, formed by sheeting.
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Sheeting
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A mechanical weathering process characterized by the splitting off of slablike sheets of rock.
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Spheroidal Weathering
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Any weathering process that tends to produce a spherical shape from an initially blocky shape.
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