• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/64

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

64 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Name 3 of 4 major oceans

Atlantic


Pacific


Indian



The measurement of ocean depth and the charting of the shape or topography of the ocean floor is called

Bathymetry

List the 3 major topographic units of the ocean floor

Continental margin


Ocean Ridges


Deep ocean basin

The pacific ocean is considered a ____ continental margin, due to the High level of geological activity

Active

The Atlantic ocean is considered a ______ continental margin, due to the LOW level of geological activity

passive

The passive continental margin contains 3 boundaries the

Continental shelf


Continental slope


Continental rise


The Continental Shelf is the flooded extension of the continent

Deep Ocean Trenches are areas of ______ in the ocean

Plate Convergence

A ______ is a submerged volcano in the ocean

Gouyahts

Which one of the following statements best describes erosion?

the process by which weathered rock and mineral particles are removed from one area and transported elsewhere

Mass wasting, a process that often occurs between weathering and erosion, involves ________.

the transport of material due to gravity

What is the most abundant, naturally produced, weak acid involved in chemical weathering and soil formation?

carbonic

Feldspars commonly decompose during weathering to clay minerals, silica, and soluble constituents.

True

Quartz is quite resistant to weathering and is an important component of sands in riverbeds and on beaches.

True

Abundant moisture and warm temperatures result in high rates of chemical weathering.

True

What two factors speed up rates of chemical reaction and weathering in rocks and soils?

warm temperatures; very moist

Assume that water filling a crack in a rock undergoes cycles of freezing and melting. Which of the following statement is true?

Water expands as it freezes, causing the crack walls to be pushed apart.

Which of the following is not a physical weathering process?

rocks reacting with organic acids from plants

Which of the following statements best demonstrates the connection between climate and weathering?

Warm temperatures and abundant moisture will cause faster weathering.

Organisms contribute to soils formation by ________.

degrading organic matter to form humus stirring the soil to allow air infiltration contributing organic matter to the soil all of the above

Which of the following does NOT contribute to the formation of soil?

longitude

The word topsoil is commonly used, but not always correctly. The proper definition is ________.

the dark, organic rich layers of O and A

Lahars are essentially mudflows associated with volcanoes and volcanism.

True

How does water affect the mass wasting process?

Water fills pore spaces between sediments, which buoys them upward and allows gravity to more easily pull the sediments downslope.

If the glacial budget is balanced (accumulation equals wastage), then ________.

the terminus of the glacier is stationary

What condition is most necessary to build a glacier?

More snow must fall in the winter than melts in the summer.

What will the glacial budget be for a glacier that is in a state of retreat?

Wastage exceeds accumulation.

Abrasion and plucking generally involve what part of a glacier?

the bottom or base

Till is an unsorted sediment deposited directly from the melting glacial ice; stream action is not involved.

True

A ________ forms when a block of ice is buried in drift and subsequently melts, creating a pit.

Kettle

A(n) ________ represents a former meltwater channel or tunnel in glacial ice that was filled with sand and gravel.

Esker

Climatologist define a "dry climate" as a climate in which ________.

precipitation is less than expected evaporation

In a dry climate, weathering is significantly less than in a humid climate because ________.

there is a shortage of moisture and organic acids

What is the most important agent of erosion in deserts?

Water

Bajadas develop from coalescence of alluvial fans along fronts of mountain ranges in arid lands.

True

Desert pavement is the result of ________.

deflation

Which type of sand dune consists of a U-shaped dune with the tips pointing upwind, forming in areas where there is some vegetation present?

parabolic

A cirque represents an erosional feature formed in what was an important accumulation zone for snow and ice at the upstream head of a glacier.

True

A(n) ________ is a closed depression formed by melting of an ice block buried in a moraine or outwash plain.

Kettle

Salinity in the ocean is highest in regions where ________ is high and ________ is low.

evaporation; precipitation

The most abundant salt in seawater is ________.

NaCl

The total amount of solid material dissolved in water is known as ________.

salinity

Density in seawater is determined by ________.

both temperature and salinity

At high latitudes the thermocline is ________.

There is no thermocline at high latitudes.

Clams, sponges, and other bottom-dwelling animals are called benthos organisms.

True

Plankton are organisms that swim freely in the ocean.

False

Fish most commonly live ________.

near islands and continents

Most marine animals live near the surface of the ocean because of ________, which supports photosynthesis by marine algae that form the basis of the food chain.

Sunlight

Organisms, such as algae and bacteria, that drift with ocean currents are known as ________.

Plankton

Which of the three choices best describes the marine habitat of nekton organisms?

freely swimming through the water

What limits productivity in polar regions?

the lack of sunlight year round

Why is productivity low in tropical regions?

because the thermocline acts as a barrier to the mixing of surface and deep waters

Feeding stages in the food chain are known as trophic levels.

True

Organisms that feed through a food web instead of a food chain are more likely to survive because ________.

if a member of the food web diminishes in availability, there are still many other things to eat

In the food chain, each feeding stage is called a ________ level.

Trophic

Name 3 Principle Stages of the hydrologic cycle

Evaporation/ transpiration


Precipitation


Transportation

_______ Streams are slow, flow with little energy and have straight flow

Laminar

______ Streams are fast, flow with high energy and have swirling flow

Turbulent

List the 3 types of stream load

Dissolved


suspended


bed

which of the above 3 carries the most stream load?

Suspended

Alluvial channels are called ______ in fairly flat, low energy streams with cut banks and point bars

Meandoning

Alluvial channels are called _______ in high-energy streams near glaciers

Braided

What is the ultimate base level?

Sea level

Name a Temporary base level

local base level

Name 2 reasons or factors why rainfall will either infiltrate or runoff the surface

Water already in soil


Nature of material