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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Design is a _______ and a _______ |
A noun and a verb |
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Design as a Verb |
Design is the opposite of chance. Designers plan the arrangement of elements to form a visual pattern. |
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Design as a noun |
A product.The result of design as a verb |
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What are the two categories of design as a product? |
Behavioral & Sensory |
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Behavioral Design |
Behavioral design deals with patterns or ways of doing things or actions in time, planned actions
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Sensory Design |
Sensory-experienced thru the senses:SightSoundTasteSmelltouch
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4 Parts when considering a project |
There are four parts to understanding to the problem at hand.
-What is the goal -What are the physical limitations ( blueprint for landscape design, the size of the house being built -What is the time limit -What is the prevailing style |
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What are the design basics? |
•Form isHOW they say it
•Content isWHAT designers say |
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What are the 4 parts of the creative process? |
1. Thinking
2. Looking 3. Doing 4. Critique |
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The four parts to understanding the problem at hand
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-Thinking what is the goal, what arewe trying to achieve
-Style vs. Fashion: Style is adistinctive manner of expression. Fashion is defined as the prevailing style (is not one of the four parts of solving the problem) -Physical limitations: What are theparameters. -Time Limit: Deadlines -Critique everything, think howthings could be better |
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Structural Design |
is it stable? Does It perform?
When judging the structure of the object you want to look at the materials used |
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Functional Design |
Is it functional or not? A designer sets functional criteria for what a product must or must not do |
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Decoration Design |
Does it look good? |
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The first principle is Unity and Harmony
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Unity: Is a synthesizing principle, it integrates every aspect ; function, structure, decorative. Unity requires the agreement existing among all elements in the design.
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Doing in the creative process |
Trial & error
Intuition Visual experimentation Revision |
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What is NOT one of the four parts to understanding the problem at hand?
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Fashion |
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Unity Trumps Harmony |
A congruity or agreement exists among the elements in an image – looking as if they belong together
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What is harmony? |
- an agreement in feeling
-a consistency in mood -a pleasing combination of differing things used in compatible ways - Is aprinciple in which the theme must include agreement amongthe functional, structural , or decorative |
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What is unity ? |
UNITY is the sense of ONENESSof things belonging together and making up a coherent whole The eye is directed by the principles of design and composition so that the artwork has UNITY. The main function or job of the principles is to organize the elements into a unified artwork
Unity- Taking all the parts and making them make sense to the whole The whole must be predominate over the partsUnity- the culminating, synthesizing principle, integrating every aspect functional, structural, and decorative, and involves the agreement existing amongst all elements in a design. |
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Unity is achieved by |
Proximity, Repetition, Continuation |
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Another word for Design |
Composition |
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Unity/ Harmony manipulate and the elements and principles to set the... |
Mood, Tone, or theme |
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Unity- |
isthe most complex principle and final synthesizing goal of visual design
- Unityseeks simplicity& logical organization - It avoids conflicts& competition byorganizing a hierarchy of attention |
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Unity and Harmony in Fashion |
-Structural, functional, and decorative levels work toward a unified result
- Unity in the selection and use of the materials --Back of the garment works with the front -Parts work with each other -Proportions agree in scale -Design avoids conflict and competition, organizes attention around central theme ----Sense of completion |
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Harmony is possible without unity
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BUT unityis not possible with out harmony
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What is scale? |
-Scale is a consistent relationship of sizes to each other and to the whole regardless of shape
-Scale is an accepted unit of measurement, and can be another term for describing size -Scale is a relative issue that depends on the known size of another object -When size relationships agree they are often described as being “in scale” when they are clumsy or too extreme they are “out of scale” -synthesizing is relating and integratingScale: does it relate? Does it integrate? -Scale is a principle of design and applies to all elements |
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In fashion, scale is a consideration for :
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-Silhouette
- Decorative - shapes - Motifs -Pattern -Accessories - Hem - length |
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Scale mostly involves |
sizes of shape,their line & space,less obviously to color & texture
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Psychologically in western culture large scale shapes seem
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bold
aggressive assertive straightforward |
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Psychologically in western culture small scale shapes seem
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delicate
dainty |
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Proportion is |
-Proportion is the design principle concerned with the relation of size to parts to the whole and to each other.
-Comparative relationship of distances, sizes, amounts, degrees, and parts -The proportions of clothing must relate to the human figure -Proportionis a synthesizing principle, it invites relationship of parts to whole, pullsthings together and integrates them - |
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Hieratic Scaling |
-representing the sizes of things according to their importance, rather than how they would appear in the real world
-The use of relative sizes of figures to show importance, and not necessarily space |
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Golden Rectangle |
-The ancient Greeks used mathematical measurements for proportion
Golden rectangle- perfectly proportion rectangle using the golden mean -The golden ration or the golden mean are used interchangeably The most beautiful number in the universe, 1.618 = GOLDEN MEAN also called the magic number or phi |
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Golden Rectangle continued |
A golden rectangle can be created by rotating the diagonal of the half-square.
Width is to length as length is to length plus width (w:1 as 1:1 + w)
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Proportion |
Vertical body proportions are described in “head heights” or the number of times the height of the head could fit into the total height of the body, regardless of height 1:8
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Proportion in Fashion and Apparel |
Break points occur where silhouette lines change:
* neck * bustline * waist * hip *knee *ankle Proportion has profound effects on apparent dimensions of the figure, when a designer changes a relationship between space & shape, they establish new silhouettes, which subdivide the internal space creating new proportions & new visual
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Scale Vs. Proportion |
Scale = Size
Proportion = relative size, the size of an object as measured in comparison to another object or against some mental norm or standard. |
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Emphasis is
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element we use to draw attention to encourage the viewer to look closer.
-Scale -Texture -Patterns -Colors |
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Focal Point |
- the point of emphasis in an image or design -There can be more than one focal point in a picture -A second focal point might be referred to as an accent or counterpoint. |
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3 key ways to achieve emphasis:
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-Contrast
-Isolation -Placement The emphasis is usually an interruption in the fundamental pattern or movement of the viewers eye through the composition, or a break in the rhythm. |
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Emphasis by contrast |
Contrast- Manipulating light and dark
-When most of the elements are dark, light breaks the pattern There are a number of methods for creating typographical contrast. (Bold, Italics, Fonts) |
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Surrealism |
An art form based on a paradox that intentionally uses scale changes to intrigue or mystify us. |
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Ways to achieve emphasis |
-Change in Direction of the shapes or lines.
-Making one Element Distorted or vice versa. -Change in Size of one object. -Change in Shape of one object. -Geometric vs Organic -Changing the Color of one object. -Changing the Brightness of one object. |
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Emphasis by Isolation |
-It is important not to place the point of focus too close to the edge as it will pull the viewer’s eye off of the page.
- If most of the elements in a work of art are grouped closely together, an object by itself stands out as a focal point.
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Emphasis by placement |
-When all the lines point toward the center, as in radial design, the focal point will be the center.
- Anobject placed in the centerwill often be perceived as a focal point. |
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Emphasis and the Figure |
Utility Principle —people dress for concerns such as warmth and comfort
Hierarchical Principle —people dress to indicate position in society Seduction Principle —people dress to attract others |
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Optical Center |
Bustline, Shoulder, Face |
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Structural Details |
-Manipulation of draped folds
-Unusual closures -Placement of seams |
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Balance |
Balance is the feeling of evenly distributed weight resulting in:
Equilibrium Steadiness Stability -As children we develop a sense of balance and observe balance in the world around us -A well designed garment retains a feeling of balance through a variety of positions |
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Physiological Balance |
is critical to sense security and stability
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3 types of balance |
-Horizontal is the most common, the balance is the left and the right, very symmetrical
-Vertical , lower portion Is usually larger than the upper portion -Radial , center radiates outward to a balanced image, it can be a symmetrical radial |
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Radial Balance |
-Radial balance suggests control and stability in the center
-puts larger shapes toward center and smaller towards the periphery - Radiatesoutward and dissipates |
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Crystallographic Balance: or Allover Pattern
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-Equal emphasis over the entire surface to achieve same visual weight or attraction
-Theparts may not be equal in size but they all come togetherin the image
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Formal Balance |
more traditional , more accepted and expected.
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Informal Balance |
more contemporary |
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Physical comes from equal distribution |
Weight, Density, and Tension Axis is a line of reference around which a form or composition is balanced. |
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Vertical Balance |
-is when we take the central key or emphasis, and place the fulcrum on the center of the image.
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Symmetry |
Symmetry indicates a strict adherence to the elements on either side of the median line:SHAPE
SIZE LINE VALUE TEXTURE COLOR ARRANGEMENT |
