Criminal Justice Final

Front 1

Corporal Punishment

Back 1

Punishment through torture, mutilation, branding, whipping used for a variety of punitive purposes

Front 2

William Penn

Back 2

Limited the death penalty to cases of murder. Called for fines and imprisonment as penalties for most offenses. More Humane system introduced forbidding torture

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Walnut Street Jail

Back 3

Prison and a workhouse
Serious Crimes went into Solitary Cells.
Worked together making shoes, carpentry, weaving, tailoring, nailmaking.
Women Went into cotton spinning, preparing hemp and wool, washing, mending

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Walnut Street Jail

Back 4

First American Penitentiary

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Separate System

Back 5

Prison system whereby each inmate is kept in solitary confinement in an isolated cell for the purpose of eliminating evil association in congregate quarters

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Auburn System

Back 6

a prison system whereby inmates experience confinement under a rigid rule of absolute silence at all times.
Most economically sound type of penitentiary program

Front 7

Elmira

Back 7

Institution for younts and young adults serving their first term of imprisonment

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Zebulon Brockway

Back 8

First Superintendent of Elmira

Front 9

Federal Prison System

Back 9

Maximum Security
Medium Security
Reformatories
Minimum Security

Front 10

Federal Maximum-Security

Back 10

most serious felons

Front 11

Federal Medium-Security

Back 11

Individuals who are better for rehab

Front 12

Reformatories

Back 12

young and inexperienced offenders

Front 13

Federal Minimum-Security

Back 13

Open camps for offenders requiring little custodial control

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Prisons

Back 14

correctional institutions maintained by the federal and state governments for the confinement of convicted felons

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Jails

Back 15

local facilities for the temporary detention of defendants awaiting trial of disposition on state or federal charges

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County Jails

Back 16

Run by local Sherriff

Front 17

city Jails

Back 17

Run by the Chief of Police

Front 18

Overcrowding in Prisons and Jails

Back 18

need to make:
1. wider use of release on recognizance.
2. preferential trial scheduling for defendants in jail
3. use of citations rather than jail terms for more offenses
4. use of work-release for jail inmates
5. creation of installment plans for those who would otherwise go to jail because they cannot pay their fines.

Front 19

Minimum Level Security

Back 19

Operate without armed guards, walls, perimeter fences.
Mostly white collar crimes

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Medium Level Security

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1. Emphasis on internal fortification
2. Fences and enclosures with fewer guard towers
3. Shared living quarters
4. Inmates are considered less dangerous and escape-prone

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Maximum Level Security

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1. Most have similar design
2. Secure custody and control are the guiding principles
3. Inside Cells

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Supermax Level Security

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1. Maximum-control facility
2. Highly restrictive, high-custody housing unite that isolates inmates from general prison population

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Limits of Total Power

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• The incarcerated have a law that protects them from cruel acts by correctional officers they have limited total control.

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Correctional Organization

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Two most common forms:
1. those that are subdivisions of some larger state department
2. those that are independent structures

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Correctional Administration

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Commissioner of Corrections>Warden>director>principal keeper>superintendent

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Classification

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Process through which the educational, vocational, treatment and custodial needs of the offender are determined

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Classification Prison Program

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Diagnostic studies carried out by psychologists, social workers, or other professionals

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Educational Prison Programs

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1. Emphasis on basic knowledge and communicative skills.
2. most institutions have some sort of prison school usually mandated by law.
3. short on classroom facilities
4. lack of qualified instructors

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Vocational Prison Programs

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1. Focus on preparing inmates for meaningful employment after release

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Counseling Rehabilitative Programs

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• Counselor attempts to understand the prisoner’s problems and help him/her solve them by discussing them together

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Social Casework Rehabilitative Programs

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• Process that develops a prisoner’s case history, deals with immediate problems involving personal and family relationships, explores long-range issue of social adjustment, provides supportive guidance for any anticipated plans or activities.

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Psychological and Psychiatric Rehabilitative Programs

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• Discovers the underlying causes of individual maladjustments, applies psychiatric to effect improved behavior, provides consultation to other staff members

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Group Therapy Rehabilitative Programs

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• Encourages the participants to put pressure on each other for behavioral change and to get the group to define new conduct norms. Individual participants in group therapy are at the same time patients and therapists

Front 34

Total Institutions

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1. a place that erects barriers to social interchange with the world at large.
2. o Groups of people live together, day and night, in a fixed area and under a tightly scheduled sequence of activities imposed by a central authority

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Prisonization

Back 35

1. The Internalization of the prison norms and values
2. Refers to the socialization process through which the inmate learns the rules and regulations of the institution and the informal rules, values, customs, and general culture of the penitentiary

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Inmate Code

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1. don't interfere with the interests of other inmates
2. keep out of quarrels or feuds with fellow inmates
3. Don't exploit other inmates
4. don't weaken
5. Don't respect the custodians

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Prison Economy

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Based on Unavailability of Goods and Services. Cigarettes as currency

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Contraband

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Any item that can be used to break a rule of the institution or to assist in escape

Front 39

Women In Prison

Back 39

• Women are confined in separate maximum-and medium security prisons, and isolated wings of men’s penitentaries
• Many states have failed to adequately reform their policies and programs for female offenders
• In prisons that are mixed males do a lot more “work” related jobs that are offered in prison systems
• a great majority of female prisoners are mothers of young children
• in a growing number of institutions children are living with their mothers for varying lengths of time

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First Woman's Social Group

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see themselves as members of society and prisons as places to which only criminals go

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Second Woman's Social Group

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career criminals who view incarceration as an occupational hazard

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Third Women's Social Group

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repeat offenders

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Hands Off Doctrine

Back 43

courts didn't want to interfere with the authority of the the administration of correctional institutions to administer prisons

Front 44

balancing test

Back 44

the ability to balance prison officers to the need of the prisoners

Front 45

Writ of Habeas Corpus

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The person seeking relief is challenging the lawfulness of his/her confinement

Front 46

Jailhouse Lawyers

Back 46

Lawyers that came in response to the prison regulation that forbade inmates from assisting or recieving counsel

Front 47

Ruffin v. Commonwealth (1871)

Back 47

a convicted felon forfeits not only his liberty but all of his personal rights except those which human law permits him

Front 48

Procunier v. Martinez (1974)

Back 48

1. Mail censorship ok if prison security is at stake
2. Established balancing test of security v. freedom

Front 49

Johnson v. Avery (1968)

Back 49

Authorized “jailhouse lawyers” if prisons weren’t providing legal assistance

Front 50

Sandin v. Conner (1995)

Back 50

Supreme court rules that prison regulations to which he was was charged nor the due process clause gives him the right to call witnesses during the hearing

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Recidivism

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Repeat Offender

Front 52

Extent of the Use of Probation

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To use to offenders that are not dangerous and represent little, if any, menace to society

Front 53

John Augustus

Back 53

• Boston shoemaker
• Method was to bail an offender after conviction and provide him with friendship and support in family matters as well as job assistance
• Would report on his progress towards reformation and request that the judge order a small fine and court costs instead of jail sentence

Front 54

Conditions of Probation

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1. Instead of going to jail
2. Differ from state to state
3. Exhort the Probationer to:
• Live a law-abiding and productive life
• To work
• To support his/her dependents
• Maintain contact with the supervising probation officer
• Remain within the jurisdiction of the court

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Conditions of Parole

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1. going to jail and being released on some sort of terms
2. based off of "good time"

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Organization of Probation

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• Alternative to imprisonment
• Judges grant probation
• Defendants are required to abide by regulations and conditions
• See probation agency
• Given probation officer
• Put into the field

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Intensive Supervision

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• Program of closer surveillance and more exhaustive services
• Place a probationer under tighter control than regular probation
• Restrains the growth of prison populations and associated costs by controlling selected offenders in the community
• Satisfies at least a part of society’s demand that offenders be punished for their crimes

Front 58

Probation Revocation

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• Probation is a conditional release so it can be taken away from the offender
• Only the court has the authority to revoke probation
• Warrants can be based on the violation of breaking violation of probation

Front 59

Alexander Maconochie

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• Believed prisoners were capable of reformation
• Prisoners could earn their way through three grades by good work and behavior
• The third grade was earning a “ticket of leave” which provided conditional liberty.

Front 60

Sir Walter Crofton

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• Applied Maconochie’s “ticket or leave” to the Irish Prison System”
• Attached conditions to the leave which could result in one being returned to prison

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Mandatory Release

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Accumulation of good-time release as a matter of law

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Discretionary Release

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Traditional Function of the parole board

Front 63

Presumptive Parole Date

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The date, presumably your are supposed to be eligible for parole

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Risk Assessment

Back 64

Assessing the risk of releasing someone on parole

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Furloughs

Back 65

Release from correctional supervision for an extended period of time but you have to come back when its over and serve the rest of your time

Front 66

Paper Clients

Back 66

Good people that don’t need much attention cause they are going to help themselves

Front 67

Life
Maybe
Dead

Back 67

Paper clients
Mix
Dangerous Men