Criminal Justice Final - Chapter 5

Front 1

Jurisdiction

Back 1

which is defined as a specific geographical area, also means the right or authority of a justice agency to act with regard to a particular subject matter, territory, or person.

Front 2

Venue

Back 2

The place of a trial. It must be geographically appropriate.

ex: Boston bomber, people wanted to have the trial in Boston but that wouldn't have been fair to him

Front 3

Tithing System

Back 3

10 families agree to contributeto protection

10 tithings = shire

Shire Reeve (now what we would call a sheriff) keeps order in shire,assisted by posse

Develops into constable-watchsystem (as cities developed)

Front 4

Shire Reeve

Back 4

In medieval England, the chief law enforcement officer in a territorial area called a shire; later called the sheriff

keeps order in shire, assisted by posse

Front 5

Posse

Back 5

Groups of able-bodied citizens of a community called into service by a sheriff or constable to chase and apprehend offenders.

Front 6

Constable Watch System

Back 6

A system of protection in early England in which citizens, under the direction of a constable, or chief peacekeeper, were required to guard the city and to pursue criminals.

Front 7

Constable

Back 7

The peacekeeper in charge of protection in early English towns.

Front 8

Slave Patrols

Back 8

Theyhave been called “the first distinctively American police system.”

Productof the slave codes, which prohibited slaves from:

Holdingmeetings

Leavingthe plantation without permission Travelingwithout a pass

Learningto read and write

Slave patrols often whipped andterrorized slaves.

Front 9

Jim Crow

Back 9

Laws mandating dejure racialsegregation in all public facilities in states of the former Confederate Statesof America through 1950s.

Front 10

Peel's Principles of Policing/The London Metropolitan Police

Back 10

Organizedaccording to military rank and structure.

Underthe command of two magistrates (later called commissioners).

Themain function of the police was to prevent crime by preventive patrol of thecommunity.

Front 11

State vs. Federal vs. Local Law

Back 11

Local Police Duties:

Organized according to Military Structure.

Four categories of local police duties are:

enforcement—investigating crime and arresting suspects

Order maintenance or peacekeeping—controlling crowds, intervening in domestic disputes

Service—escorting funeral processions, taking people to the hospital

Information gathering—determining neighborhood reactions to a proposed liquor license, investigating a missing child case

Front 12

There are 2 types of limitations for law enforcement, what are they and define them.

Back 12

1. Jurisdictional

Specific localities/areas/people over which or whom more than 18,000 law enforcementagencies have control

2. Procedural

Limitationsdue to judicial decisions (stop and frisk, warrant requirements, Miranda, etc.)

Front 13

Conflicting Roles

Back 13

Reform in the 1960's leads to new strategies, such as community policing.

But Americans have never been sure what role they want the police to take:

so they take the roles of peacekeepers, social workers, crime fighters, and public servants as well as many other roles.

Front 14

State Police Agencies

Back 14

Develop throughout 1800s; allstates have by 1930s

Develop due to growingpopulations, inability of some local sheriffs and constables to control crime

Duties include:

Enforcingtraffic laws on state highways Protectingstate officials and capitol

Providingtechnological and scientific services (e.g., crime labs)

Dealingwith complex cases impacting entire state

Front 15

What are the State Law Enforcement models?

Back 15

1.) State Police Model

ex: texas rangers; michigan state police

2.) Highway Patrol Model

ex: california highway patrol

3.) Department of public safety model

ex: alabama department of public safety

Front 16

What are the main federal agencies that we looked at?

Back 16

1.) FBI

2.) Secret Service

3.) U.S. marshalls

4.) DEA

5.) Department of Homeland Security

Front 17

U.S Law enforcement today is seperated into what sections?

Back 17

local, state, and federal

Front 18

Federal Law Enforcement

Back 18

Major differences between federallaw enforcement and local and state police are:

Federalagencies operate across the nation and abroad.

Federalagencies usually do not have peacekeeping or order maintenance duties.

Somefederal agencies have very narrow jurisdictions.

Front 19

The Department Of Homeland Security

Back 19

The United States Congressresponded to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, by enacting theHomeland Security Act of 2002.

The act established theDepartment of Homeland Security (DHS).

Created to:

Preventterrorist attacks within the United States

Reducethe vulnerability of the United States to terrorism

Minimizethe damage and assist in the recovery from terrorist attacks

Front 20

U.S. Marshall Service

Back 20

First Federal Law Enforcement Agency (1789)

Major responsibilities include:

Judicial security

Fugitive investigations

Witness security

Prisoner services (e.g., detaining presentenced federal prisoners, transport)

Managing and disposing of seized and forfeited property

Serving federal court criminal and some civil processes SSpecial operations e.g., (missile transport)

Front 21

The Secret Service

Back 21

In 1865, the U.S. Secret Service was created as a branch of the Treasury Department to combat the counterfeiting of U.S. currency.

Today, the mission of the United States Secret Service is:

To safeguard the nation’s financial infrastructure and payment systems

To preserve the integrity of the economy

To protect national leaders, visiting heads of state and government, designated sites, and National Special Security Events

Front 22

FBI

Back 22

Formed early 1900s.

In the 1930s, became responsible for the UCR system(1930), established its own crime lab (1932), and founded the National PoliceAcademy (1935).

Duties include:

Protectthe U.S. from terrorist attack, foreign espionage, cyber attacks

Combatpublic corruption at all levels

Protectcivil rights

Combatsignificant violent crime.

Supportfederal, state, local, and international partners.

Front 23

DEA

Back 23

President Richard Nixon createdthe Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) by executive order in 1973. Goal was to establish a single unifiedcommand to wage “an all-out global war on the drug menace.”

Duties include:

Investigationand preparation for the prosecution of major violators of controlledsubstance laws operating at interstate and international levels

Managementof a national drug intelligence program

Assetseizure and asset forfeiture

Liaisonwith the United Nations, Interpol, and other organizations on matters relatingto international drug control programs

Front 24

Municipal Police Departments

Back 24

Most police departments in theUnited States employ fewer than 50 sworn officers.

Most police officers:SIn2007, 75% of full-time sworn officers were white; 88% were men; 11.9% werewomen.

Front 25

What are the 5 myths about policing?

Back 25

1.) The job of a police officer is increasingly dangerous

2.) Youtube videos and cellphone footage prove that today's cops are out of control

3.) Withmore criminals wielding heavy-duty weapons, police must militarize to catch up.

4.) Aggressive,confrontational policing is the best way to control crime.

5.) Tasersand other “less lethal” weapons allow cops to use less force.

Front 26

What are the key contributions that we got from England regarding law enforcement?

Back 26

The people are the police

Organization of the protection system is local

Front 27

The Development Of American Law Enforcement

Back 27

The United States has more police departments than any other nation in the world.

Virtually every community has own police force.

Dual system of enforcement:

Colonies bring constable system (leads to police depts.).

Rural areas use sheriff and posse (leads to sheriff depts.).

Three places where contemporary policing practices develop:

Northern cities

Western frontiers

Southern slave patrols

Front 28

Law Enforcement in the Cities

Back 28

•Industrial revolution brings largegroups; overcrowding

•First Municipal Police in NY 1844

•Politics tied closely into policing

•About controlling populations

Front 29

What are political machines?

Back 29

political machines are parts of parties that can control places because of their influence, they can also help the community but use it to their advantage as well (can control the police too)

an example of this was Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall in New York

Front 30

Law Enforcement in the Statesand on the Frontier

Back 30

Self-protection is most important Law enforcement more about response than control:

Roundingupcattle rustlers

Capturingescaped slaves

Front 31

Professionalism and Reform

Back 31

Four blue-ribbon commissionsstudied the police in the United States from 1967 to 1973.

The reports recommended:

Carefulselection of law enforcement officers Extensiveand continuous training

Bettermanagement and supervision

Front 32

County Law Enforcement

Back 32

A substantial portion of lawenforcement work in the United States is carried out by sheriffs’ departments.

In 2008, the nation had 3,063sheriffs’departments, employing 353,461 full-time personnel, of which about 50% weresworn peace officers.

Most sheriffs directly elected.?

Front 33

County Law Enforcement Functions

Back 33

County sheriff and departmentpersonnel perform many functions:

Investigatingcrimes

Supervisingsentenced offenders

Enforcingcriminal and traffic laws

Servingsummons, warrants, and writs Providingcourtroom security

Transportingprisoners

Operatinga county jail