Super Maximum Prisons

Improved Essays
Each state utilizes various categories to designate and classify prison security levels, while most states collectively recognize these four in order from the most to least secure and controlling. Super-maximum, maximum-security, medium-security, and minimum-security. Super-maximum prisons are designed to be extremely guarded and constricting, out of all the other categorized prisons. Super-maximum prisons are “reserved for incarcerating the most dangerous and ruthless of offenders, where they tend to be sentenced to longer periods of time in solitary confinement, are under constant surveillance, confined in their cell 23-24 hours a day, and have no access to recreational, educational, religious, or treatment activities” (Rennison, pg.298). …show more content…
I believe it is cruel and a form of torture that should not be allowed or permitted in any prison facility, even super-maximum prisons. Although I understand that, “solitary confinement is used to punish an inmate, protect an inmate from self-harm, or as a way to protect and inmate from being harmed by others,” many mental health professionals and even the newly released offenders believe that solitary confinement in a segregated housing unit, can and may cause irreversible psychological damage in just as little as 15 days (Rennison, pg.292). Research has shown that over the many years an individual is in solitary confinement, it has had no dramatic changes with regards to recidivism, but on the contrary, it has had dramatic effects pertaining to mental and psychological damage on these particular individuals. Many individuals who were in solitary confinement for extended periods of time, end up having very similar symptoms, such as “anxiety, depression, cognitive disturbances, perceptual distortions, paranoia and psychosis, and even self-harm” (. This is enough evidence for me to declare this policy an inhumane and unjustifiable means to punish

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    This justice article defines, examines, and evaluates super-maximum correctional facilities, their individual state policies, and certain characteristics incarcerated inmates exhibit. This article provides insight into how various states’ super-maximum facilities operate, from utilizing specific criteria to define and admit a super-maximum inmate, to how each individual facility deals with these problem inmates. To better understand the use of admission criteria to define an inmate, one must first understand the definition of a super-max facility. There are various definitions of a super-max facility, which leads to constant confusion in regards to the standard for which states should define a super-max facility. While all of these definitions are similar, the most widely used definition is a separate, highly secure housing unit designated for the most violent and dangerous criminals serving long-term sentences.…

    • 609 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Abolish Slavery Summary

    • 850 Words
    • 4 Pages

    The book Solitary: The Inside Story of Supermax Isolation and How We Can Abolish It divides into three parts: “Harsh Prison Conditions,” “The Human Damage,” and “The Alternative to Solitary.” In the first section, author Terry Allen Kupers explores the rise of supermax prisons and the normalization of long-term solitary confinement. Throughout the book, Kupers examines how isolation damages people’s psyches and its connections to race, violence, and gender. In the final section, Kupers requests a development of rehabilitative attitudes among all prison staff (as well as legislators and the public) and a plan to keep individuals with severe mental illnesses out of jails and prisons. Kupers argues for improvements in methodologies of protecting…

    • 850 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Supermax Prisons Summary

    • 913 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Where by violent or troublesome inmates are collectively housed. Offenders in supermax are restricted from movement and are confined to a cell twenty-three hours a day, with one hour of exercise. Almost half of the wardens of supermax prisons stated that there the goal of supermax was punitive in nature and served as a deterrent to other inmates as well as reducing recidivism. Wardens were surveyed, and most agreed that supermax prisons were beneficial to prison systems thereby improving safety, order, and reducing violence. When wardens were asked about the factors that warranted placement into supermax, wardens in the surveyed states did not have any consensus; wardens were just as likely to recommend a drug dealer to supermax as well as a murderer (Hickey).…

    • 913 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The first use of solitary confinement was in 1787. It was first used on a group of prisoners and it was believed if people were left alone in almost complete silence, they would feel repent for what they did. In the article, the author Dana Liebelson uses multiple real life examples to show how solitary confinement can have horrifying, long-lasting effects on people, especially children and young adults. Specifically the author uses the stories of a 17- year old named Kenny, and a 16- year old named Jonathan. Throughout the article you gain information that you may have never even considered to be possible, but the truth about this system is that it is extremely inhumane.…

    • 1062 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Super-Max Facilities

    • 921 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Because these living conditions are so restrictive, inmates have even reported to have developed mental illnesses caused by long-term solitary confinement and lack of human contact in super-max prisons. The afore-mentioned is one of the main reasons these facilities are so closely scrutinized by the public. Many people believe that this form of imprisonment violates constitutional rights, especially that of the Eighth Amendment of “cruel and unusual punishment”. Super-maxes also help offset the over-population of lower security prisons.…

    • 921 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The Pros And Cons Of Solitary Punishment

    • 1075 Words
    • 5 Pages
    • 5 Works Cited

    This causes behaviors to worsen the longer they are in isolation. Prisons systems use this punishment to “break down” the individual, so they will follow the rules and not feel any empathy for how they are feeling. The sad reality is it actually makes they person worse off in the behavioral area then when they entered. One man actually started freaking out in his cell so the guards would tear gas the…

    • 1075 Words
    • 5 Pages
    • 5 Works Cited
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Overcrowding In Prison

    • 391 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Haney 2006, found that overcrowding results in correctional administrators implementing policies and procedures that may enable instead of relieving problems that may occur within a prison environment. Unfortunately this trend is evident between mentally ill offenders, because they often face the difficult task of adjusting and conforming to correctional policies. Furthermore, when a prison is also facing overcrowding it can intensify these problems. Thus, considering that mentally disabled inmates tend to become irate and violent in overcrowded prisons, it has become routine to place these individuals in solitary confinement to separate them from others within the facility (Ball, 2014). But while the Supreme Court condemns long term solitary…

    • 391 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Solitary confinement is defined as a form of imprisonment where an inmate is separated from other inmates and/ or human contact for over 20 hours a day for days, weeks, months, or even years. This practice has been used widely throughout the United States for many decades in an effort to separate highly dangerous inmates from causing harm to other inmates or themselves. Whether or not solitary confinement is useful in the prison system is up for debate but the effects it leaves on the inmates is a concern for many states. By taking a look at what solitary confinement is, examining the phycological effects of the imprisonment, and discussing the legality of the punishment we may be able to draw a better conclusion on whether or not this practice should still be used in the modern day prison system. Solitary confinement can be described as a form of punishment in a prison system where inmates are sent to a private room with no windows and no outside contact with other humans or inmates except prison guards.…

    • 1237 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Inside of correctional facilities across the world are individuals who continuously break the rules, who cannot seem to conform to societies norms or laws. Unfortunately, some of those same individuals continue to break rules while incarcerated, and what more punishment could there be than losing one’s freedom? Well for some, minor punishments can be administered in the form of being locked in their cell for a specific time, missing some of their recreation periods, or not being allowed visits. But when it comes to the more serious actions, for example staff assaults, there are far more serious consequences. One of these consequences is being placed in an isolation unit with minimal to no human interaction, a bed, a toilet, a sink, and one’s own thoughts.…

    • 2428 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Solitary confinement used to only be used as a short term punishment, but now is regularly used as a way of disciplining prisoners. The prisoners are put into solitary confinement to separate them from perceived threats. It is estimated that between 80,000 and 81,000 prisoners are in some form of solitary confinement nationwide. It is commonly thought that most prisoners in solitary confinement are dangerous criminals. When in fact, a third of isolated prisoners are actually mentally ill.…

    • 874 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The Eighth Amendment

    • 1716 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Maximum security is reserved for offenders of the most violent crimes. Guards are armed and plentiful. Every inmate is regarded as dangerous. Supermax prisons serve to house the worst of the worst. These prisoners are a threat to national and international security.…

    • 1716 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Solitary confinement should be removed from the U.S. prison system, due to the severe adverse mental and physical impacts it has on any person subjected to it. Prison is meant not only to keep away the dangerous people in society, but it is meant to reform and rehabilitate those people so they can actually function in society once they’re released. There are over 2.4 million people currently in prison in America, and statistically speaking over 50% of those people will become re-offenders after they are released. According to a report done by the Department of Justice, 404,638 state prisoners were released in 2005. After approximately three years, 67.8% of those released prisoners committed another crime.…

    • 1201 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Solitary confinement, or also known as Security Housing Unit, is defined as isolating an inmate from the general population for twenty-two to twenty-three hours a day for months or years. Its main purpose is to punish inmates who break prison rules or endanger prison guards and other inmates. First, let’s take a step back and look at the downfall of solitary confinement. U.S prisons must ban solitary confinement because it causes psychological effects on inmates, it is considered cruel and unusual punishment and doesn't provide any known rehabilitation for inmates. Imagine being in a room the size of a walk-in closet, with cement walls, a four-inch wide window to look outside.…

    • 647 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    and it’s effecting our brothers, sisters, parents, children and families. 1. When prisoners are released and have sustained illnesses due to solitary confinement, they are unable to care for their families and must seek help to repair the damage caused by a senseless torture. 2. Not every inmate released with psychological damage will seek help, often times they go on to commit other crimes and return to prison.…

    • 657 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    A practice that has been utilized as a form of torture3 must certainly contain elements of cruelty. Although solitary confinement may have been established with positive intentions, the continuance of its use in spite of a plethora of evidence uncovering its detrimental effects constitutes it as inhumane. Not only can solitary confinement be defined as cruel and unusual, but also cases like Brian Nelson’s where the reasoning and timeframe of sentence is unclear violates section 11a which states that in criminal and penal matters, individuals have the right “to be informed without reasonable delay of the specific…

    • 2123 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Superior Essays