Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
amorphous
|
a solid in which atoms do not have any long-range order ex. glass, rubber, plastic |
|
|
atoms
|
subatomic particles that are the fundamental building blocks of matter |
|
|
calorie (cal)
|
the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 degree Celsius larger than a Joule (1 cal = 4.184 J) |
|
|
Calorie (Cal)
|
= 1000 calories |
|
|
Celsius scale
|
freezing point = 0 degrees boiling point = 100 degrees room temp = 22 degrees |
|
|
chemical change
|
matter changes its composition ex. oxidation |
|
|
chemical energy
|
form of potential energy associated with the positions of the particles that compose the chemical system ex. molecules that compose gasoline (released upon burning) stored in the bonds of chemical compounds |
|
|
chemical property
|
property that a substance displays only through changing its composition ex. flammability |
|
|
chemical reaction
|
change of a substance into a new one to have a different chemical identity |
|
|
compound
|
a type of pure substance that is composed of two or more elements in fixed definite proportions ex. water, table salt, sugar |
|
|
compressible
|
we can compress gases by pushing atoms and molecules into the same space |
|
|
crystalline
|
a solid in which atoms or molecules arrange in geometric patterns with long-range, repeating order ex. salt, diamond |
|
|
decanting
|
a method of separating immiscible mixtures by carefully pouring off ex. oil and water we can separate oil from water by carefully pouring it off |
|
|
distillation
|
a way to separate immiscible liquids, in which we heat the mixture to boil off the more volatile liquid |
|
|
electrical energy
|
energy associated with the flow of electrical charge ex. water flowing through a dam from a high position to a lower position to turn a turbine |
|
|
element
|
a type of pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances ex. carbon, hydrogen |
|
|
endothermic
|
chemical reactions that absorb energy from their surroundings as they occur ex. chemical cold pack |
|
|
energy
|
the capacity to do work |
|
|
exothermic
|
chemical reactions that release energy ex. explosions |
|
|
Fahrenheit scale
|
freezing point = 32 degrees boiling point = 212 degrees room temp = 72 degrees normal body temp = 98.6 degrees |
|
|
filtration
|
a way to separate a mixture composed of a solid and a liquid, in which we pour the mixture through filter paper usually held in a funnel |
|
|
gas
|
molecules are free to move relative to one another molecules are far apart indefinite shape definite volume compressible |
|
|
heat
|
the transfer or exchange of thermal energy caused by a temperature difference ex. ice in drink |
|
|
heat capacity
|
the quantity of heat (J) required to change the temperature for a given amount of the substance by 1 degree Celsius |
|
|
heterogeneous mixture
|
a mixture in which the composition varies from one region to another ex. oil and water |
|
|
homogeneous mixture
|
a mixture that is uniformly distributed; the composition is the same throughout
the atoms or molecules that compose them mix uniformly
ex. sweet tea |
|
|
Kelvin scale
|
0 K is the coldest temp possible (absolute zero) absolute zero is where molecular motion virtually stops K = degrees Celsius + 273.15 degrees Celsius = degrees Fahrenheit - 32/ 1.8 |
|
|
kilowatt-hour
|
energy unit used to determine electricity bills |
|
|
kinetic energy
|
energy associated with motion |
|
|
law of conservation of energy
|
energy is neither created or destroyed; it only changes form or is transferred form one object to another |
|
|
liquid
|
molecules are free to move relative to one another molecules are close together indefinite shape definite volume incompressible |
|
|
matter
|
anything that occupies space and has mass |
|
|
mixture
|
a type of matter composed of two or more different types of atoms or molecules combined in variable proportions two types: homogeneous and heterogeneous ex. soil, salad dressing |
|
|
molecule
|
two or more atoms joined to one another in specific geometric arrangements |
|
|
physical change
|
matter changes its appearance but not its composition ex. change of state, broken glass |
|
|
physical property
|
property that a substance displays without changing its composition ex. color, smell, melting and boiling points, density |
|
|
potential energy
|
energy associated with an object's position or composition ex. water behind a dam |
|
|
product
|
the substances present after the chemical change in a chemical reaction |
|
|
property
|
the characteristics that distinguish on substance from another ex. color, smell |
|
|
pure substance
|
a type of matter composed of only one type of atom or molecule can be divided into two types: elements and compounds ex. helium, water |
|
|
reactant
|
the substances present before the chemical change in a chemical reaction |
|
|
solid
|
molecules vibrate about a fixed point molecules are close together definite shape definite volume incompressible |
|
|
specific heat capacity (specific heat) |
when the amount of the substance is expressed in grams, the heat capacity is called the specific heat and has units of J/g degrees Celsius |
|
|
state of matter
|
solids, liquids, and gases |
|
|
temperature
|
measure of a substance's thermal energy |
|
|
thermal energy
|
the energy associated with the random motions of atoms and molecules in matter |
|
|
volatile
|
the more easily vaporizable liquid
|
|
|
work
|
the result of a force acting on a distance
|
