Chem 111 - Exam #2

Front 1

Provide the IUPAC name for (CH₃)₃CCH₂CHClCH₂CHO

Back 1

Front 2

1-Hexanol reacts with chromic acid to yield what product?

Back 2

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COOH
hexanoic acid

Front 3

Provide the IUPAC name for the compound shown below

Back 3

salacylic acid

Front 4

Provide the structure of 3,3-dimethylheptanoic acid

Back 4

add here

Front 5

Provide the major organic product of the following reaction.

Back 5

Front 6

Draw the Fischer projection for the open-chain form of D-fructose

Back 6

Front 7

Given the structure of D-altrose below, draw the structure of L-altrose

Back 7

Front 8

L-Ribulose may be classified as _____.
a. a ketotetrose
b. an aldopentose
c. an aldohexose
d. a ketopentose
e. an aldotetrose

Back 8

d. a ketopentose

Front 9

A linkage of two anomeric carbons is found in:
a. cellubiose
b. chitin
c. sucrose
d. amylose
e. gentiobiose

Back 9

c. sucrose

Front 10

Stereoisomeric aldohexoses that differ in configuration at only a single carbon are:
a. threo sugars
b. epimers
c. constitutional isomers
d. meso compounds
e. enantiomers

Back 10

b. epimers

Front 11

Sucrose is hydrolyzed to what two monosaccharides?
a. galactose and lactose
b. maltose and fructose
c. glucose and galactose
d. glucose and fructose
e. galactose and maltose

Back 11

d. glucose and fructose

Front 12

Determine the product of the following reaction:

Back 12

Front 13

Which of the follow molecules is chiral?

Back 13

chiral means attached to four different groups

Front 14

Starch, glycogen and cellulose are made of repeating units of _____.
a. sucrose
b. lactose
c. amino acids
d. glucose
e. fructose

Back 14

d. glucose

Front 15

The principal difference between fructose and glucose is that _____.
a. fructose is a monosaccharide and glucose is a disaccharide
b. fructose is a ketone sugar and glucose is an aldehyde sugar
c. glucose is a chiral and fructose is not
d. fructose is chiral and glucose is not
e. fructose is a disaccharide and glucose is a monosaccharide

Back 15

b. fructose is a ketone sugar and glucose is an aldehyde sugar

Front 16

_____ acts as a kind of energy bank in the body, and is found concentrated in muscles and liver.
a. starch
b. cellulose
c. lactose
d. glycogen
e. sucrose

Back 16

d. glycogen

Front 17

The reduction of monosaccharides produces
a. polysaccharides
b. disaccharides
c. trisaccharides
d. sugar acids
e. sugar alcohols

Back 17

e. sugar alcohols

Front 18

One difference between D-glucose and L-glucose is
a. L-glucose cannot form a closed structure
b. L-glucose has a 5-membered ring, and D-glucose has a 6-membered ring.
c. only D-glucose is found in disaccharide and polysaccharides
d. it is not possible to make L-glucose
e. the open-chain for of L-glucose does not exist

Back 18

c. only D-glucose is found in disaccharide and polysaccharides

Front 19

A glycosidic bond between two monosaccharides can also be classified as a(n)
a. ether bond
b. alcohol bond
c. ester bond
d. double bond
e. achiral bond

Back 19

a. ether bond

Front 20

Which of the following contains a β-1,4-glycosidic bond?
a. sucrose
b. amylose
c. galactose
d. lactose
e. maltose

Back 20

d. lactose

Front 21

In the figure above, the monosaccharide unit on the left is a(n)
a. aldopentose
b. aldoheptose
c. aldohexose
d. ketohexose
e. ketopentose

Back 21

e. ketopentose

Front 22

Hydrolysis of the disaccharide above gives the monosaccharides
a. fructose and galactose
b. ribose and glucose
c. fructose and lactose
d. ribose and galactose
e. fructose and ribose

Back 22

a. fructose and galactose

Front 23

The disaccharide above contains a(n) _____-glycosidic linkage.
a. α-2,4
b. β-2,4
c. β-1,4
d. α-1,6
e. α-2,6

Back 23

e. α-2,6

Front 24

Cellulose is not digestible by humans because it contains glucose units linked by _____-glycosidic bonds.
a. α-1,4
b. β-1,4
c. α-1,2
d. α-1,6
e. β-1,2

Back 24

b. β-1,4

Front 25

Amylose is a form of starch which has
a. only α-1,4-links bonds glucose units
b. both α-1,4 and β-1,4-bonds between glucose units
c. carbon-carbon bonds joining glucose units
d. hemiacetal links joining glucose units
e. only β-1,4

Back 25

a. only α-1,4-links bonds glucose units

Front 26

Galactosemia is the name of a metabolic disorder. In this disorder, an enzyme is missing that is needed to

Back 26

convert galactose to glucose

Front 27

Which of these components is the ester formed from the reaction of acetic acid and 1-propanol?

Back 27

Front 28

Which of the following is the reaction for the acid hydrolysis of ethyl formate?

Back 28

Front 29

Bile salts are among the lipid class known as _____.

Back 29

steroids

Front 30

In a simple model of atherosclerosis and heart disease, the compound that forms plaques that adhere to the walls of the blood vessels is _____.

Back 30

cholesterol

Front 31

Which of the following lipids will give a single molecule of fatty acid when hydrolyzed?
a. cholesterol
b. phospholipid
c. fat
d. glycolipid
e. wax

Back 31

e. wax

Front 32

Unsaturated fatty acids have lower melting points than saturated fatty acids because
a. their molecules fit closely together
b. the trans double bonds give them an irregular shape
c. they have more hydrogen atoms
d. they have fewer hydrogen atoms
e. the cis double bonds give then an irregular shape

Back 32

e. the cis double bonds give then an irregular shape

Front 33

Which of the following fatty acids is a solid at room temperature?
a. linoleic
b. linolenic
c. palmitoleic
d. stearic
e. oleic

Back 33

d. stearic

Front 34

Margarine containing partially hydrogenated soybean oil is solid because
a. some of its double bonds have been converted to single bonds
b. it contains only cis double bonds
c. it contains only polyunsaturated fatty acids
d. it contains only trans fatty acids
e. it contains only saturated fats

Back 34

a. some of its double bonds have been converted to single bonds

Front 35

The components in the following glycerolphospholipid are

Back 35

glycerol, palmitic acid, phosphate and ethanolamine

Front 36

In the fluid-mosaic model that describes plasma membranes,
a. two layers of proteins separate the contents inside a cell from the surrounding fluids
b. two layers of glycerphospholipid molecules have their nonpolar sections oriented to the inside of the membrane
c. a single row of the glycerophospholipid molecules forms a barrier between the inside and outside of the cell.
d. there are three layers of glycerophospholipid molecules
d. two layers of glycerophospholipid molecules have their nonpolar sections along the outer surface of the membrane

Back 36

b. two layers of glycerphospholipid molecules have their nonpolar sections oriented to the inside of the membrane

Front 37

Back 37

Front 38

A lipoprotein particle functions to
a. dissolve polar lipids in urine
b. dissolve polar lipids for excretion
c. store lipids in the tissues
d. metabolize lipids into new substances
e. transport nonpolar lipids to body cells

Back 38

e. transport nonpolar lipids to body cells

Front 39

Which of the following terms correctly describe(s) the compound below?
a. a molecule which contains a polar head group
b. a physphoglyceride
c. a phospholipid
d. a cephalin
e. all of the above

Back 39

e. all of the above

Front 40

Draw the structure of the product which results when the compound shown is completely hydrogenated using excess H₂

Back 40

add here

Front 41

Oleic acid is an example of _____ fatty acid. A molecule of oleic acid contains a single carbon-carbon double bond and _____ carbon atoms

Back 41

an unsaturated; 18

Front 42

Lecithins are phospholipids wherein the alcohol choline is esterified to a phosphatidic acid. Provide the structure of choline

Back 42

HO-CH₂-CH₂-N+(CH₃)₃

Front 43

Provide the IUPAC name of the following compound

Back 43

ethyl hexanoate

Front 44

Under acid hydrolysis conditions, starch is converted to _____

Back 44

glucose

Front 45

From what component is the first part of the IUPAC name of an ester (such as methyl anthranilate) derived?

Back 45

the alcohol

Front 46

The steroid hormone present in birth control pills is

Back 46

norethindrone

Front 47

What phospholipid contains fatty acids and NOT glycerol?
a. glycolipid
b. lecithin
c. corticosteroid
d. sphingolipid
e. cephalin

Back 47

d. sphingolipid

Front 48

Which of the following lipids will give no fatty acid when hydrolyzed?
a. phospholipid
b. cholesterol
c. glycolipid
d. fat
e. wax

Back 48

c. glycolipid

Front 49

Describe Atherosclerosis and the functions of lipoproteins including LDL, HDL, and VLDL.

Back 49

Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease due to formation of plaque in the arteries preventing smooth flow of blood thus hindering the delivery of oxygen to vital organs including the brain, heart, kidney, etc resulting in stroke and cardiac disease
• The plaque is cholesterol, biosynthetic cholesterol and the ingested cholesterol as the cholesterol esters are transported into the bloodstream to the tissue cells to convert into hormones

❖ Lipoproteins known as LDLs transports to the tissue cells. If too much cholesterol is transported the unused cholesterol is transported. The unused cholesterol is deposited as a plaque resulting in athlerosclerosis. LDL is know as bad cholesterol.

❖ High density lipoprotein (HDL) transports the excess cholesterol to the liver to convert into bile salts. HDL is known as good cholesterol. The bile salts are stored in the gall bladder for disposal. Too much bile salts results in gall stones.

❖ VLDL (very low density lipoproteins) is the cause of obesity

Adult recommended cholesterol
< 200 mg/dL of human blood
LDL < 130 mg/dL
HDL > 40 mg/dL

Front 50

Show the structure of sucrose and its hydrolysis products

Back 50

Front 51

What is the structure of lecithin and what components does it consist of?

Back 51

1. glycerol
2. any two fatty acids
3. phosphate
4. choline

Front 52

What is the structure of cephalin and what components does it consist of?

Back 52

1. glycerol
2. any two fatty acids
3. phosphate
4. ethanol amine