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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The synthesis of glycogen can be classified as a(n) _____.
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anabolic reaction
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The main compound used to release energy for metabolism is _____.
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adenosine triphosphate
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NAD+ stands for the coenzyme _____.
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nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
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Coenzyme A is a molecule whose function is to _____.
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activate acetyl groups for reaction
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Under anaerobic conditions, lactate is produced from _____.
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pyruvate
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Glycogenesis obtains energy from _____.
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UTP
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Most of the energy released in the citric acid cycle is used to produce _____.
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NADH and FADH₂
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In the electron transport chain, NADH and FADH₂ are used to provide _____.
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electrons and hydrogen ions
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The GTP formed in step 5 of the citric acid cycle is used to make _____.
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ATP
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In step 7 of the citric acid cycle, fumarate is converted to malate by a _____ reaction.
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hydration
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In the activation of a fatty acid, energy from the hydrolysis of ATP is used to ______.
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join a fatty acid to CoA.
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When the carbohydrates are not available to meet energy needs, less acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle because _____.
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oxaloacetate is converted to glucose, so less is available for the citric acid cycle
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Which of the following does not require NAD+?
a. citric acid cycle b. oxidative deamination c. β-oxidation d. transamination e. glycolysis |
d. transamination
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The digestion of fats begins in the _____.
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small intestine
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The enzymes that break down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol are called _____.
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lipases
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Ketosis can lower blood pH below 7.4, producing the condition _____.
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acidosis
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The components of the electron transport chain do not include _____.
a. acetyl CoA b. CoQ c. oxygen (O₂) d. cytochromes e. FMN |
b. CoQ
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The citric acid cycle operates only under aerobic conditions because _____.
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the NADH and FADH₂ produced by the citric acid cycle can only be deoxidized by the electron transport chain
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In the electron transport chain, the iron-sulfur proteins, ______.
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iron alternated between the +2 and +3 state.
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In the electron transport chain, the oxidized product from the reaction of FMN + NADH + H+ is _____.
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NAD+
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In the last step of the electron transport chain, water is produced when the proteins and electrons are transferred to oxygen (O₂) from ______.
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cyt a3
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This missing structural subunit in the following diagram for flavin adenine dinucleotide is
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ribitol
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Glucose-1-phosphate is converted to glucose 6-phosphate in which of the following processes?
a. glycolysis b. gluconeogenesis c. glycogenolysis d. glycogenesis |
c. glycogenolysis
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Which of the following intermediates is involved in gluconeogenesis but not glycogenesis?
a. glucose 1-phosphate b. pyruvate c. oxaloacetate d. phosphoenolpyruvate |
c. oxaloacetate
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Which of the following substances are participants in the reactions encompassed by the Cori cycle?
a. pyruvate and lactate b. pyruvate and acetyl CoA c. lactate and acetyl CoA d. pyruvate, lactate and acetyl CoA |
a. pyruvate and lactate
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The correct sequence for the four reactions of the fatty acid spiral in terms of "type of reaction occurring" is _____________.
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dehydrogenation, hydration, dehydrogenation, chain cleavage
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The products in transamination reactions are
a. acetyl CoA and ammonium ion b. a ketoacid and ammonia c. a ketoacid and an amino acid d. an amino acid and glycerol |
c. a ketoacid and an amino acid
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If pyruvate was a reactant in transamination reaction one of the products of the reaction would be
a. glutamate b. alanine c. cysteine d. aspartate |
b. alanine
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The "active" portion of coenzyme A is the
a. amino group of 2-aminoethanethiol b. sulfhydryl group of 2-aminoethanethiol c. phosphate group on carbon 3' of ribose d. B vitamin pantothenic acid |
b. sulfhydryl group of 2-aminoethanethiol
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Which of the following is a correct general description of the reaction that occurs in the first step of the citric acid cycle?
a. C₂ + C₄ → C₆ b. C₄ + C₄ → C₆ + C₂ c. C₃ + C₃ → C₆ d. C₂ + C₂ + C₂ → C₆ |
a. C₂ + C₄ → C₆
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How many NADH and FADH₂ molecules are produced, respectively, during one turn of the citric acid cycle?
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3 NAD and 1 FADH₂
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In which of the following listings of citric acid cycle intermediates are the compounds listed in the order which they are encountered in a turn of the cycle?
a. succinate, malate, oxaloacetate b. malate, fumarate, oxaloacetate c. isocitrate, oxaloacetate, succinate d. fumarate, oxaloacetate, malate |
a. succinate, malate, oxaloacetate
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At which step in the electron transport chain does O₂ participate?
a. second step b. next to last step c. first step d. last step |
d. last step
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The number of fixed-enzyme sites associated with the electron transport chain is ______
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three
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Which of the following enzymes is not part of the fixed-site enzyme complex in the electron transport chain?
a. FeSP b. CoQ c. cyt C₁ d. cyt A₃ |
b. CoQ
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Which of the following citric acid cycle intermediates is decarboxylated during the operation of the cycle?
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isocitrate
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In which of the following citric acid cycle does the coenzyme FAD participate?
a. malate → oxaloacetate b. citract → isocitrate c. succinate → fumarate d. more than one correct response d. no correct response |
c. succinate → fumarate
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Which of the following carry electrons from the citric acid cycle to the electron carriers of the electron transport chain?
a. CoA b. FADH₂ c. NAD+ d. more than one correct response d. no correct response |
b. FADH₂
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The first two intermediates in the process of glycolysis are, respectively
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glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate
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The transition from the C₆ stage of glycolysis to the C₃ stage involves the conversion of the molecule fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into the C₃ species
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dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
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In the human body, under aerobic conditions and anaerobic conditions, respectively, pyruvate is converted to
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acetyl CoA and lactate
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Which of the following is a reactant in the first step of gluconegenesis?
a. glucose b. molecular oxygen c. carbon dioxide d. acetyl CoA |
c. carbon dioxide
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Which of the following C₆ stage of glycolysis intermediates is paired with the correct type of enzyme needed to its production?
a. glucose 6-phosphate; kinase b. fructose 1-6-bisphosphate; mutase c. fructose 6-phosphate; dehydrogenase d. more than one correct response d. no correct response |
a. glucose 6-phosphate; kinase
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The regeneration of NAD+ from NADH occurs during the conversion of pyruvate to
a. lactate b. ethanol c. acetyl CoA d. more than one correct response d. no correct response |
d. more than one correct response
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The compound oxaloacetate is an intermediate of the conversion of
a. glycogen to glucose b. pyruvate to acetyl CoA c. pyruvate to glucose d. more than one correct response d. no correct response |
c. pyruvate to glucose
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Two major products of triacylglycerol digestion in the small intestine are fatty acids and _____
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monoacylglycerols
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The first stage of glycerol metabolism involves a two-step process in which the glycerol is converted to
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dihydroxyacetone phosphate
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How many turns of the fatty acid spiral are needed to "process" a C₁₄ fatty acid molecule?
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six
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The nitrogen containing product of oxidative deamination is
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ammonium ion
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Show the short route of metabolism of glycerol, and its overall summary
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Show the overall summary of β-oxidation of myristic acid including the number of cycles, and the number of ATP produced
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add pic
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Show the overall summary of the citric acid cycle
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Show the overall summary of glycolysis of glucose to Acetyl CoA
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