Chapter Three

Front 1

The basic units of the nervous system are

Back 1

neurons.

Front 2

Which of the following is NOT a basic part of a neuron?

Back 2

synapse

Front 3

What is the main difference between a myelinated cell process and a cell process without myelin?

Back 3

Myelinated cell processes are more efficient at information processing than non myelinated cell processes.

Front 4

Increases in levels of dopamine can do which of the following?

Back 4

increase risk of onset of schizophrenia/increase risk-taking behavior/increase risk of use of addictive drugs

Front 5

Which of the following statements regarding the corpus callosum is NOT true?

Back 5

It becomes smaller in adolescence.

Front 6

The prefrontal cortex is primarily involved with

Back 6

reasoning./processing emotions, such as love./emotional regulation.

Front 7

Which of the following statements regarding the amygdala is TRUE?

Back 7

It is the seat of emotions./It is part of the limbic system./It matures much earlier than the prefrontal cortex.

Front 8

Piaget proposed that children and adolescents use and adopt their schemas through the processes of _____ and accommodation.

Back 8

assimilation

Front 9

Which of the following statements regarding formal operational thought is TRUE?

Back 9

Formal operational thought is more abstract than concrete operational thought.

Front 10

What would happen if children in grades three and four were introduced to algebraic equations?

Back 10

They would lack the hypothetical-deductive reasoning skills needed to solve algebraic equations.

Front 11

A graduate student gives a lecture on the research concerning individual differences that characterize the cognitive development of adolescents. Which of the following information that she gives to her audience is NOT true?

Back 11

"Most eighth graders are formal operational thinkers."

Front 12

Which of the following concepts has been attributed to Jean Piaget?

Back 12

children as active knowers/adaptation/use of schemes to organize our experiences

Front 13

Postformal thought is

Back 13

reflective./realistic./contextual.

Front 14

Tom always calls his grandfather when he wants some help figuring out a difficult problem in his life. Paul Baltes would say that Tom is seeking his grandfather's

Back 14

wisdom.

Front 15

Vygotsky stressed the role of _____ on cognitive development.

Back 15

interaction with others/cooperative activities/social influences

Front 16

A parent's ability to pick out his son's voice on a crowded playground is an example of

Back 16

selective attention.

Front 17

Dr. Wagner can focus on his client and her issues for their 50-minute therapy session without being distracted by other thoughts. This is an example of

Back 17

selective attention.

Front 18

Working memory is more _____ than short-term memory.

Back 18

active

Front 19

Which of the following findings on long-term memory has NOT been documented by researchers?

Back 19

Long-term memory continues to increase in adolescence.

Front 20

Higher-order, complex processes are often called

Back 20

executive functioning.

Front 21

Which of the following statements about adolescent decision making is TRUE?

Back 21

Older adolescents are better at making decisions than are younger adolescents./Adolescents who are impulsive are often not effective decision makers./Emotional regulation plays a role in decision making.

Front 22

Good decision making is related to being

Back 22

calm.

Front 23

Critical thinking is thinking reflectively, thinking productively, and

Back 23

evaluating evidence.

Front 24

The ability to solve problems and to adapt to and learn from experience is

Back 24

intelligence.

Front 25

Who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence?

Back 25

Robert Sternberg

Front 26

Michael is a successful business owner who can develop his ideas into productive enterprises. Although he was an average student in school, his great social skills and common sense indicate that Michael might score highly in what Sternberg calls _____ intelligence.

Back 26

practical

Front 27

The theorist who proposed that there are eight types of intelligence, or "frames of mind," is

Back 27

Howard Gardner.

Front 28

Dorian is a skilled psychiatric nurse who has the ability to engage and relate to clients with severe and chronic mental illness. Gardner would say that Dorian is high in

Back 28

interpersonal intelligence.

Front 29

David Elkind argues that adolescent egocentrism can be dissected into two types of social thinking, the _____ and the personal fable.

Back 29

imaginary audience

Front 30

Martha states that "everyone is staring at my beetle brows" after her mother refuses to drive her to get her eyebrows waxed. Martha's belief is an example of what David Elkind calls the ______ of adolescence.

Back 30

imaginary audience

Front 31

Emily tells her friend Sarah, "Absolutely nobody in my family understands me. They are totally clueless!" Emily's feelings are an example of what David Elkind calls the

Back 31

personal fable.