Chapter 13: Mass Media Effects

Front 1

powerful effects theory

Back 1

Theory that media have immediate direct influence

Front 2

Walter Lippman

Back 2

His Public Opinion assumed powerful media effects in 1920s

Front 3

Harold Lasswell

Back 3

His mass communication model assumed powerful effects

Front 4

bullet model

Back 4

Another name for the overrated powerful effects theory

Front 5

third person effect

Back 5

One person overestimating the effect of media messages on other people

Front 6

W.P. Davison

Back 6

Scholar who devised third person effect theory

Front 7

Paul Lazarsfeld

Back 7

Found voters are more influenced by other people than by mass media

Front 8

minimalist effects theory

Back 8

Theory that media effects are mostly indirect

Front 9

two-step flow

Back 9

Media affects individuals through opinion leaders

Front 10

multistep flow

Back 10

Media affects individuals through complex interpersonal connections

Front 11

status conferral

Back 11

Media attention enhances attention given to people , subjects, issues

Front 12

agenda-setting

Back 12

Media tell people what to think about, not what to think

Front 13

Maxwell McCombs and Don Shaw

Back 13

Articulated agenda setting theory

Front 14

narcotizing dysfunction

Back 14

People deceive themselves into believing they are involved when actually they are only informed

Front 15

Elizabeth Noelle Neumann

Back 15

Leading cumulative effects theorist

Front 16

cumulative effects theory

Back 16

Theory that media influence is gradual over time

Front 17

spiral of silence

Back 17

Vocal majority intimidates others into silence

Front 18

socialization

Back 18

Learning to fit into society

Front 19

prosocial

Back 19

Socialization perpetuates positive values

Front 20

Joshua Meyrowitz

Back 20

Noted that media have reduced generational and gender barriers

Front 21

role modeling

Back 21

Basis for initiative behavior

Front 22

stereotyping

Back 22

Using broad strokes to facilitate storytelling

Front 23

historical transmission

Back 23

Communication of cultural values to later generations

Front 24

contemporary transmission

Back 24

Communication of cultural values to different cultures

Front 25

diffusion of innovations

Back 25

Process through which news, ideas, values, and information spread

Front 26

cultural imperialism

Back 26

One culture's dominance over another

Front 27

Sigmund Freud

Back 27

Austrian psychiatrist who theorized that the human mind is unconsciously susceptible to suggestion

Front 28

Ernest Dichter

Back 28

Pioneered subconscious appeals that can be used in advertising

Front 29

Jim Vicary

Back 29

Made dubious subliminal advertising claims

Front 30

subliminal message

Back 30

Cannot be consciously perceived

Front 31

subception

Back 31

Receiving subconscious messages that trigger behavior

Front 32

observational learning

Back 32

Theory that people learn behavior by seeing it in real life, in depictions

Front 33

cathartic effect

Back 33

People release violent inclinations by seeing them portrayed

Front 34

Aristotle

Back 34

Defended portrayals of violence

Front 35

Seymour Feshbach

Back 35

Found evidence for media violence as a release

Front 36

aggressive stimulation

Back 36

Theory that people are inspired to violence by media depictions

Front 37

Bobo doll studies

Back 37

Kids seemed more violent after seeing violence in movies

Front 38

Albert Bandura

Back 38

Found that media violence stimulated aggression in children

Front 39

catalytic theory

Back 39

Media violence is among factors that sometimes contribute to real life violence

Front 40

Wilbur Schramm

Back 40

Concluded that television has minimal effect on children

Front 41

George Gebner

Back 41

Speculated that democracy is endangered by media violence

Front 42

desensitizing theory

Back 42

Tolerance of real life violence grows because of media depicted violence

Front 43

Violence Assessment Monitoring Project

Back 43

Conducted contextual nonviolence studies and found less serious media depictions than earlier thought

Front 44

William McQuire

Back 44

Found most media violence research flawed