Ch.11 (Reproductive System And Genetics) A&p Vocab

Front 1

a single gene contributed by one parent for any particular characteristic

Back 1

allele

Front 2

a procedure of extracting amniotic fluid from the uterus using a needle and ultrasound or CT scan guidance

Back 2

amniocentesis

Front 3

fluid produced by the filtration of maternal and fetal blood through blood vessels in the placenta and by excretion of fetal urine into the amniotic sac

Back 3

amniotic fluid

Front 4

the placenta and membranes that surround and protect the developing membranes

Back 4

amniotic membranes

Front 5

the sac formed from the amniotic membranes that surround and protect the developing embryo

Back 5

amniotic sac

Front 6

a pouch in the vas deferens at the prostate gland

Back 6

ampulla

Front 7

the posterior triangle of the perineum that contains the anal opening

Back 7

anal triangle

Front 8

the pigmented ring around the nipple in the breast

Back 8

areola

Front 9

glands that produce secretions that protect the nipple and areola during nursing

Back 9

areolar glands

Front 10

a type of chromosome that carries genes that code for numerous body proteins in both sexes

Back 10

autosomes

Front 11

cancer in one of both breasts

Back 11

breast cancer

Front 12

structures that contain the organs of milk production

Back 12

breasts

Front 13

one of several ligaments that support the uterus

Back 13

broad ligament

Front 14

the area of the corpus spongiosum that expands at the base of the penis

Back 14

bulb of the penis

Front 15

glands located on either side of the prostate gland that produce some of the secretions that become part of semen

Back 15

bulbourethral glands

Front 16

an autosomal-recessive condition with only one abnormal allele and no disease state that could be passed on if the carrier mates with another carrier

Back 16

carrier state

Front 17

a continuation of the uterine canal that opens at the tip of the cervix

Back 17

cervical canal

Front 18

the part of the uterus that extends into the vagina

Back 18

cervix

Front 19

protein matter in which chromosomes are contained within a cell

Back 19

chromatin

Front 20

the portion in the nucleus of each cell on which genetic material is carried

Back 20

chromosome

Front 21

hairs on cell surfaces that aid in movement and transport

Back 21

cilia

Front 22

surgical removal of the foreskin of the glans of the penis

Back 22

circumcision

Front 23

located in the anterior margin of the vestibule, it contains erectile tissue that becomes engorged with blood as a result of sexual excitement

Back 23

clitoris

Front 24

the erectile tissue found in the clitoris and penis

Back 24

corpus cavernosus

Front 25

the remnants of an unfertilized graafian follicle that hormonal changes allow to be sloughed during menstruation

Back 25

corpus luteum

Front 26

erectile tissue that surrounds the male urethra

Back 26

corpus spongiosum

Front 27

the muscle that contracts and pulls the testicles close to the body during cold weather

Back 27

cremaster muscle

Front 28

area at the base of the penis formed by the expanded corpora cavernosa

Back 28

crus of the penis

Front 29

a layer of cutaneous muscle within the scrotum that contracts during cold weather, causing the skin to become firm and winkled

Back 29

dartos muscle

Front 30

nucleic acid that carries the genetic code; sets of thousands of different genes that code for proteins that carry out various body functions

Back 30

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Front 31

the total number of chromosomes (46) in a mature human cell

Back 31

diploid

Front 32

the implantation of an oocyte at a location other than the normal intrauterine site, usually the fallopian tube

Back 32

ectopic pregnancy

Front 33

the pathway by which spermatozoa leave the testes

Back 33

efferent ductile

Front 34

a pair of ducts formed by the junction of the ampulla and vas deferens

Back 34

ejaculatory duct

Front 35

a fertilized egg

Back 35

embryo

Front 36

the inner group of cells within a zygote that develops to become the embryo

Back 36

embryoblast

Front 37

the period of gestation between weeks 3 and 8 in which all major organ systems begin to develop

Back 37

embryonic period

Front 38

the innermost layer of the uterine wall, which is further divided into the deep basal layer and the functional layer

Back 38

epididymis

Front 39

a hormone released by the ovaries that stimulates the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle

Back 39

estrogen

Front 40

the two hollow tubes or ducts that extend from the uterus to the region of the ovary and serve as a passage for the ova and sperm

Back 40

fallopian tubes

Front 41

a device used for listening to fetal heart tones

Back 41

fetoscope

Front 42

long thin finger-like processes at the end of the fallopian tube that surrounds the ostium

Back 42

fimbriae

Front 43

a hormone released from the pituitary gland at roughly monthly intervals that help to stimulate one oocyte to undergo meiosis

Back 43

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Front 44

an opening in the wall between the right and left atria through which fetal circulation occurs

Back 44

foramen ovale

Front 45

a loose fold of skin that covers the glans of the penis

Back 45

foreskin

Front 46

the top portion of the uterus

Back 46

fundus

Front 47

sex cell that contains one half of the total chromosome complement of the mature cell

Back 47

gamete

Front 48

the fundamental units of heredity that store and release information on how to build and control cells

Back 48

genes

Front 49

the medical process of advising capsules of the possibility that certain inherited diseases may develop in their child

Back 49

genetic counseling

Front 50

diseases that develop as a result of an abnormality in a gene

Back 50

genetic disease

Front 51

the study of heredity

Back 51

genetics

Front 52

chromosomal contents

Back 52

genomes

Front 53

the genetic composition for a given trait

Back 53

genotype

Front 54

the process of fetal development following fertilization

Back 54

gestation

Front 55

the portion of the corpus spongiosum that extends to for a cap over the tip of the penis

Back 55

glans

Front 56

a hormone released from the hypothalamus that stimulates the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle

Back 56

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Front 57

a mature or developed ovum

Back 57

graafian follicle

Front 58

the passing of traits and qualities from parents to offspring primarily through DNA or RNA

Back 58

heredity

Front 59

number of chromosomes (23) carried on each sex cell

Back 59

haploid

Front 60

an organism that has two different alleles for a trait

Back 60

heterozygous

Front 61

similar chromosomes in a pair, each acquired from a different parent

Back 61

homologous chromosomes

Front 62

an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait

Back 62

homozygous

Front 63

a hormone that stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone during the 8 weeks of gestation

Back 63

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Front 64

the thin mucous membrane that covers the vaginal opening

Back 64

hymen

Front 65

the space formed in the peritoneum by the distal end of the fallopian tubes

Back 65

infundibulum

Front 66

the canal through which the spermatic cord passes through the inferior abdominal wall and into the abdominal cavity

Back 66

inguinal canal

Front 67

two prominent, rounded folds of skin lateral to the labia minora of the female external genitalia

Back 67

labia majora

Front 68

a pair of skin folds in the female external genitalia that border the vestibule

Back 68

labia minora

Front 69

the area in the mammary glands in which milk is stored

Back 69

lactiferous sinus

Front 70

a hormone released from the pituitary gland at roughly monthly intervals that help to stimulate one oocyte to undergo meiosis

Back 70

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Front 71

the organs of milk production in the breasts

Back 71

mammary glands

Front 72

structures that support the mammary glands and prevent excessive sagging of the breasts

Back 72

mammary ligaments

Front 73

radiographic screening of the breasts for early detection of cancer

Back 73

mammography screening

Front 74

the process of cell division that occurs during the formation of a mature ovum or spermatocyte

Back 74

meiosis

Front 75

the first menstrual cycle

Back 75

menarche

Front 76

the ending of menses

Back 76

menopause

Front 77

a cycle lasting approximately 28 days in which physiologic changes occur in the uterus and associated reproductive organs

Back 77

menstrual cycle

Front 78

the period in the menstrual cycle of sloughing and discharge of the functional layer of the endometrium

Back 78

menstruation

Front 79

the peritoneal fold that helps to hold the ovaries in place

Back 79

mesovarium

Front 80

a rounded fat pad over the female pubic symphysis

Back 80

mons pubis

Front 81

a thick smooth muscle that forms the middle layer of the uterine wall

Back 81

myometrium

Front 82

an external raised protuberance on the breast surrounded by pigmented areola

Back 82

nipple

Front 83

one of several acids, such as DNA or RNA, composed of nucleotide chains. these chains store and release information on now to build and control the cells

Back 83

nucleic acid

Front 84

the precursor to a mature egg

Back 84

oocyte

Front 85

the maturation process that results in production of an ovum or egg

Back 85

oogenesis

Front 86

the opening in the infundibulum formed by the fallopian tubes

Back 86

ostium

Front 87

one of the two ligaments that help to hold the ovaries in place

Back 87

ovarian ligament

Front 88

the female reproductive organs that produce egg precursors, or oocytes

Back 88

ovaries

Front 89

the release of a mature ovum into the fallopian tube from the ovary

Back 89

ovulation

Front 90

the make external reproductive organ through which the urethra passes

Back 90

penis

Front 91

a serous membrane coating that makes up the outside layer of the uterine wall

Back 91

perimetrium

Front 92

the are between the urethral opening and the anus

Back 92

perineum

Front 93

the observable characteristics of an organism that result from genetic composition and environmental factors

Back 93

phenotype

Front 94

the organ that develops from trophoblastic cells of the zygote and attaches to the endometrium on one side and surrounds the embryo on the other side

Back 94

placenta

Front 95

the genetic component of a multifactorial disease

Back 95

polygenic disease

Front 96

a structure in the female external genitalia that is formed where the labia minora unite over the clitoris

Back 96

prepuce

Front 97

a hormone released from the ovaries that stimulates uterine lining during the menstrual cycle

Back 97

progesterone

Front 98

a male sex gland that secretes an alkaline viscid ejaculatory fluid

Back 98

prostate specific antigen (PSA)

Front 99

the female external genitalia, also called the vulva

Back 99

pudendum

Front 100

nucleic acid made from DNA in the cell's nucleus, it moves to the cytoplasm of the cell where it serves as a template for the production of proteins

Back 100

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Front 101

one of several ligaments that supports the uterus

Back 101

round ligament

Front 102

the pouch of skin and muscles that contains the testes

Back 102

scrotum

Front 103

a viscid fluid of the male reproductive tract that contains spermatozoa

Back 103

semen

Front 104

a pair of pouches that secrete a sugar and protein ejaculatory fluid

Back 104

seminal vesicles

Front 105

the area of the testes where spermatozoa are produced

Back 105

seminiferous tubules

Front 106

chromosomes that code for proteins that determine sex as well as for other proteins

Back 106

sex chromosomes

Front 107

disease resulting from defects on either the X or the Y chromosome

Back 107

sex-linked disease

Front 108

male gametes that are produced in the testicles, also called spermatozoa

Back 108

sperm cells

Front 109

a cord composed of the testicular artery, venous plexus, lymph vessel, nerves, connective tissue and cremaster muscle

Back 109

spermatic cord

Front 110

the maturation process resulting in the formation of functional spermatozoa

Back 110

spermatogenesis

Front 111

male gametes that are produced in the testicles, also called sperm

Back 111

spermatozoa

Front 112

a liquid protein substance that coats the alveoli in the lungs

Back 112

surfactant

Front 113

one of two ligaments that help to hold the ovaries in place

Back 113

suspensory ligament

Front 114

the male reproductive organs that produce sperm and secrete male hormones

Back 114

testes

Front 115

the male reproductive organs that produce sperm and secrete male hormones

Back 115

testicles

Front 116

a painful condition characterized by a testicle that is twisted about the spermatic cord

Back 116

testicular torsion

Front 117

a male hormone responsible for secondary sexual characteristics

Back 117

testosterone

Front 118

three segments of time, each made up of approximately three months

Back 118

trimesters

Front 119

the outer group of cells in a zygote that develop to become the placenta

Back 119

trophoblast

Front 120

an ectopic pregnancy in which the oocyte has been abnormally implanted within the fallopian tube

Back 120

tubal pregnancy

Front 121

a special device that uses sound waves to determine the location and shape of internal tissues and organs

Back 121

ultrasound

Front 122

the connection between the placenta and the fetus

Back 122

umbilical cord

Front 123

the anterior triangle of the perineum that contains the external genitalia

Back 123

urogenital triangle

Front 124

one of several ligaments that support the uterus

Back 124

uterosacral ligament

Front 125

the pear-shaped female reproductive organ located in the middle of the lower abdomen that allows the implantation, growth and nourishment of a fetus during pregnancy

Back 125

uterus

Front 126

the muscular tube that forms the lower part of the female reproductive tract

Back 126

vagina

Front 127

nonspecific term for infection within the vagina

Back 127

vaginitis

Front 128

a duct in the male reproductive system that is contiguous with several structures that together constitute the spermatic cord

Back 128

vas deferens

Front 129

a form of birth control in which the vas deferens on each side is surgically cut and tied

Back 129

vasectomy

Front 130

the space into which the vagina and the urethra open

Back 130

vestibule

Front 131

the female external genitalia also called the pudendum

Back 131

vulva

Front 132

a fertilized ovum

Back 132

zygote