Ch.1 Renaissance Vocab. From World History

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a period of European history, lasting from about 1300 to 1600, during which renewed intrest in classical culture led to far-reaching changes in art, learning, and views of the world

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renaissance

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a renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements

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humanism

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concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters

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secular

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a person who supports artists, especially financially

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patron

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an artistic technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface

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perspective

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painter, sculptor, poet, and architect; he is most famous for the way he portrayed the human body in painting and sculpture

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michelangelo buonarroti

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architect of St. Peter's Basilica, sculptor of the biblical hero David, and the artist who painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

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michelangelo buonarroti

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painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist; his painting include the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper

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leonardo da vinci

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he experimented with the inventions of man-made flight, parachutes, and a crude form of the tank

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leonardo da vinci

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studied muscle movements and how veins are arranged in a leaf

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leonardo da vinci

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wrote all of his observations backward in "mirror writing"

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leonardo da vinci

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the everyday language of people in a region or country

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vernacular

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an imaginary land described by Thomas More in his book Utopia-hence, and ideal place

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utopia

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many people regard him as the greatest playwright of all time; many of his plays examine human flaws

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william shakespeare

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his tragedies include Macbeth, King Lear, Hamlet, and Romeo and Juliet; other significant plays include the comedy A Midsummer Night's Dream and the tragedy Julius Caesar

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william shakespeare

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he revered the classics, and drew on them for inspiration and plots

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william shakespeare

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reinvented movable type around 1440, invented the printing press, and printed the first full-sized book with movable type

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johann gutenberg

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a machine for reproducing written material by pressing paper against arrangements of inked type

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printing press

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the first full-sized book printed with movable type and a printing press

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gutenberg bible

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Catholic monk whose 95 Thesis began the Protestant Reformation with protests against indulgences, sying the pope and church traditions were false authorities

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martin luther

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a pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin

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indulgence

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a 16th century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of Christian churches that rejected the pope's authority

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reformation

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member of a Protestant church founded on the teachings of Martin Luther

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Lutheran

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member of a Christian church founded on the principals of the Reformation

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Protestant

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a 1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler

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Peace of Augsburg

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to cancel or set aside

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annul

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King of England(1509-1547) who wanted the Catholic Church to annul hes marriage in 1527 to his wife Catherine when the marriage couldn't produce a son however the pope didn't want to offend Catherine's powerful nephew, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and refused

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Henry VIII

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he called the British parliamentinto session, and asked the parliament to pass a set of laws that ended the pope's power in England; he then closed all English monasteries and made himself the supreme head of the Church of England

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Henry VIII

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he married a total of five times, but only his third wife gave him a son named Edward

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Henry VIII

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inherited the English thrine in 1558

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Queen Elizabeth

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estabished a national church(Church of England-Anglican) that allowed sermons to be delivered in English, nit Latin and allowed priests to marry

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Queen Elizabeth

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helped defeat the Spanish Armada in 1558 that led to the downfall of Spain as a world power and the rise of England as a world power

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Queen Elizabeth

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relating to the Church of England

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Anglican

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attempted spanish invasion of England in 1588 that included 130 ships, 8000 sailors and 19000 soldiers

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spanish armada

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england hd been raiding spanish treasure ships coming from the New World, and Queen Elizabeth had supported Spanish Protestant subjects that had rebelled against Philip II, the King of Spain

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spanish armada

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bad weather and the English fleet defeated the Spanish completely

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spanish armada

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English Sea Dog(pirate) that raided Spanish treasure ships coming to Spain from the New World; Queen Elizabeth made him a knight, infuriating King Philip of Spain, helping to cause the Spanish Armada

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Sir Francis Drake

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promoted a doctrine called predestination that led to the development of a strict protestant religion called Calvinism in Switzerland

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John Calvin

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the doctrine that God had decided all things beforehand, including which people will be eternally saved

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predestination

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a body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin

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Calvinism

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a government controlled by religious leaders

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theocracy

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a member of a Protestant church governed by presbyters (elders) and founded on the teachings of John Knox

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Presbyterians

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in the Reformation, a member of a protestant group that believed in baptizing only those persons who were old enough to decide to be Christian and believed in the seperation of the church and state

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anabaptist

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a 16th centry mobement in which the Roman Catholic Church sought to make changes in response to the Protestant Reformation

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Catholic Reformation

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members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola

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Jesuits

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a meeting of Roman Catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul III to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant reformers

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Council of Trent