Ch.7 The French Revolution And Napoleon

Front 1

the political and social system that existed in France before the French Revolution

Back 1

old regime

Front 2

one of the three social classes in France before the French Revolution-the First Estate consisting of the clergy; the Second Estate of the nobility; and the Third Estate of the rest of the population

Back 2

Estate

Front 3

Became French king in 1774; he inherited debt from his predecessors, and borrowed heavily to help American revolutionaries in their war against Britian, nearly doubling France's debt; face with bankruptcy, he tried to tax French aristocrats, leading the National Assembly to try to pass laws and reforms of the French people; an attempt by the National Assembly to draw up a new constitution led France into the French Revolution and the overthrow of the monarchy; radicals beheaded him in January 1793 for treason

Back 3

Louis XVI

Front 4

a member of the royal family of Austria, and unpopular wife of King Louis XVI; she was executed in 1793 during the Reign of Terror in the French Revolution

Back 4

Marie Antoinette

Front 5

an assembly of representatives from all three of the estaes, or social classes, in France

Back 5

Estates-general

Front 6

a French congress established by representatives of the Third Estate on June 17, 1789 to enact laws and reforms in the name of the French people

Back 6

National Assembly

Front 7

a pledge made by the members of France's National Assembly in 1789, in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution

Back 7

Tennis Court Oath

Front 8

a wave of senseless panic that spread through the French countryside afer the storming of the Bastille in 1789

Back 8

Great Fear

Front 9

a statement of revolutionary ideals adopted by France's National Assembly in 1789 including guarantees of equal justice, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion

Back 9

Declaration of the Rights of Man

Front 10

a French congress with the power to creae laws and approve declarations of war, established by the constitution of 1791

Back 10

Legislative Assembly

Front 11

a person who leaves his native country, for political reasons, like the nobles and others who fled France during the uprising of the French Revolution

Back 11

emigres

Front 12

in the French Revolution, a radical group made up of Parisian wageearners and small shopkeepers who wanted a greater voice in government, lower prices, and an end to food shortages

Back 12

sans-culottes

Front 13

a radical French political club that wanted to remove the king and establish a Republic

Back 13

jacobins

Front 14

a machine for beheading people, used as a means of execution during the French Revolution

Back 14

guillotine

Front 15

an alliance created when Great Britian, Holland, and Spain joined Austria and Prussia in war against France in 1793

Back 15

First Coalition

Front 16

the period, from mid -1793 to mid-1794, when Maximilien Robespierre ruled France nearly as a dictator and thousands of political figures and ordinary citizens were executed

Back 16

Reign of Terror

Front 17

seized power in France in a coup d etat in 1799, an declared himself French emperorin 1804; as French leader, he set up a fairer tax code, established a national bank, stabilized the currency, and gave state loans to businesses; he appointed officials by merit, fired corrupt officials, created lycees, and created a comprehensive system of laws; he recognized Catholicism as the "faith of Frenchmen," signed a concordat with the Pope, but retained seized church lands; he led French armies in an attempt to expand the French Empire into Europe, until he was defeated at Waterloo in 1815

Back 17

Napoleon Bonaparte

Front 18

a sudden seizure of political power in a natin

Back 18

coup d etat

Front 19

a direct vote in which a country's people have the opprotunity to approve or reject a proposal

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plebiscite

Front 20

a government-run public school in France

Back 20

lycee

Front 21

a formal agreement-especially one between the pope and a government, dealing witn the control of church affairs

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concordat

Front 22

a comprehensive and uniform system of laws for France by Napoleon

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Napoleonic Code

Front 23

Napoleon sold a major parcel of land to the United States in 1803 to raise money to finance his operations in Europe, and to insure that Britain would have a rival for power

Back 23

Louisiana Territory

Front 24

an 1805 naval battle in which Napoleon's forces were defeated by a British fleet under the command of Horatio Nelson; this forced Napoleon to abandon plans to invade Britain

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Battle of Trafalgar

Front 25

the use of troops or ships to prevent commercial trafficfrom entering or leaving a city or region

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blockade

Front 26

Napoleon's policy of preventing trade between Great Britain and Continental Europe, intendedto destroy Great Britain's economy

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continental system

Front 27

conflict between the United States and Great Britain over Indian agitation and freedom of the seas

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War of 1812

Front 28

a member of a basely organized fighting force that makes supries attacks on enemy troops occupying his or her country

Back 28

guerilla

Front 29

a conflict, lasting from 1808 to 1813, in which Spanish rebels, with the aid of British forces, fought to drive Napoleon's French troops out of Spain

Back 29

Peninsular War

Front 30

the practice of burning crops and killing livestock during wartime so that the enemy cannot live off the land (Russia)

Back 30

scorched-earth policy

Front 31

final defeat of Napoleon in June 15, 1815 by the British and Prussian armies led by the Duke of Wellington; Napoleon was shipped to St. Helen in the South Atlantic, where he died in 1821

Back 31

Waterloo

Front 32

the brief period during 1815 when Napoleon made his last bid for power, deposing the French king and again becoming emperor of France

Back 32

Hundred days

Front 33

a series of meetings in 1814-1815, during which the European leaders sought to establish long-lasting peace and security after the defeat of Napoleon

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Congress of Vienna

Front 34

a political situation in which no one nation is powerful enough to pose a threat to others

Back 34

balance of powers

Front 35

the heredity right of a monarch to rule

Back 35

legitimacy

Front 36

the league of European nations formed by the leaders of Russia, Austria, and Prussia after the Congress of Vienna

Back 36

Holy alliance

Front 37

a series of alliances amoung European nations in the 19th century, devised by Prince Klemens von Metternich to prevent the outbreak of revolutions

Back 37

Concert of Europe