Ch. 13 The Great War

Front 1

List the three main causes for World War I

Back 1

Nationalism
Imperialism
Militarism

Front 2

a policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war

Back 2

militarism

Front 3

a military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in the years preceding World War I

Back 3

Triple Alliance

Front 4

Became the ruler of Germany in 1888 when he forced German chancellor Otto van Bismark to resign. He started a tremendous shipbuilding program in the 1890's in an effort to make the German navy equal to Britian's. His efforts at militarism divided Europe into military alliances.

Back 4

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Front 5

a military alliance between Great Britian, France, and Russia in the years preceding World War I

Back 5

Triple Entente

Front 6

nicknamed the "powder keg" of Europe because of a long history of nationalist uprisings and ethnic clashes

Back 6

Balkns

Front 7

heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne who was assassinated in Saraejevo, the capital of Bosnia on June 28, 1914; this assassination set in motion the military alliances of Europe to begin World War I

Back 7

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Front 8

a list of demands that if not met, will lead to serious consequences; Austria demanded an end to all anti-Austrian activity in Serbia, and for Serbia to allow Austrian officials into their country to investigate the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand

Back 8

Ultimatum

Front 9

the nations of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empirethat formed a military alliance and fought together in World War I

Back 9

Central Powers

Front 10

the nations of Britian, France, Russia, Japan, and Italy that formed a military alliance and fought together in World War I

Back 10

Allies

Front 11

Germany's military plan at the outbreak of World War I, according to which German troops would rapidly defeat France and then move east to attack Russia

Back 11

Schlieffen Plan

Front 12

in World War I, the region of northern France where the forces of the Allies and central Central Powers battled each other

Back 12

Western Front

Front 13

German retreat of 60 miles in France that leftthe Schlieffen Plan in ruins and led to a stalemate on the Western Front

Back 13

The First Battle of the Marne

Front 14

a form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battle field

Back 14

trench warfare

Front 15

in World War I, the region along the German-Russian border where Russians and serbs battled Germans, Austrians, and Turks

Back 15

Eastern front

Front 16

the Germans launched a massive attack against the French in Feburary 1916; each side lost more than 300,000 men

Back 16

Battle of Verdun

Front 17

New weapons of World War I

Back 17

Poison gas
Machine guns
Tanks
Airplanes
Submarines

Front 18

daring British soldier who led guerill raids against the Turks with the help of the Arabs, and took control of Baghdad, Jerusalem, and Damascus

Back 18

Lawrence of Arabia

Front 19

the use of submarines to sink without warning any ship (including neutral ships and unarmed passanger liners) found in an enemy's waters

Back 19

unrestricted submarine warfare

Front 20

a British passanger ship that was sunk on May 7, 1915 leaving 1,198 people dead including 128 U.S. citizens; President Woodrow Wilson protested to the German government in an effort to keep the U.S. neutral

Back 20

Lusitania

Front 21

an intercepted German message intended for Mexico, which stated Germany would help Mexico re-conquer the land it had lost to the United States if Mexico would ally with Germany; President Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany on April 2, 1917

Back 21

Zimmermann Note

Front 22

a conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort

Back 22

total war

Front 23

the limiting of the amount of goods people cn buy-often imposed by government during wartime, hen goods are in short supply

Back 23

rationing

Front 24

information or material spread to advance a cause or to damage an opponent's cause

Back 24

propaganda

Front 25

leader of Russia who abdicated his throne on March 15, 1917 when his government was on the brink of collapse

Back 25

Czar Nicholas

Front 26

communist Russian leader Vladimir Lenin offered a truce to Germany in March 1918 to end war between the two countries; the Russian government was required to surrender lands to Germany that now include Finland, Polnd, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania

Back 26

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Front 27

French commander of the Allied forces in World War I

Back 27

Marshall Ferdinand Foch

Front 28

an agreement to stop fighting

Back 28

armistice

Front 29

Big Four

Back 29

at the Paris Peace Conference after World War I: Woodrow Wilson of the United States, Georges Clemenceau of France, David Lloyd George of Great Britian, and Vittorio Orlando of Italy, made most of the major decisions

Front 30

a series of proposals in which U.S. President Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I

Back 30

Fourteen Points

Front 31

the freedom of a people to decide under what form of government they wish to live

Back 31

self-determination

Front 32

he peace treaty signed by Germany and the Allied powers after World war I

Back 32

Treaty of Versailles

Front 33

an international association formed after World War I with the goal of keeping peace among nations

Back 33

League of Nations

Front 34

the sole responsibility for World War I was placed on Germany at the Treaty of Versailles, and they were to repay all of the other countries involved for damages caused by the war

Back 34

reparations

Front 35

New countries created out of the Austro-Hungarian Empire

Back 35

Austria
Hungary
Czechoslovakia

Front 36

Former parts of Russia that became independent nations

Back 36

Finland
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania

Front 37

rejected the Treaty of
Versailles; many Americans felt that the U.S. best chance for peace was to stay out of European affairs; the U.S. worked out a separate peace with Germany and its allies several years later

Back 37

United States