Ch.2- The Muslim World Expands

Front 1

a warrior for Islam

Back 1

ghazi

Front 2

the most successful ghazi; people of the west called him Othman, and named his followers Ottomans

Back 2

Osman

Front 3

his military success was largely based on the use of gunpowder; Ottomans replaced archers on horseback with musket carrying foot soldiers, and they were amoung the 1st people to use cannon as offensive weapons

Back 3

Osman

Front 4

"overlord" or "one with the power;" title for ottoman rulers during the rise of the ottoman empire

Back 4

sultan

Front 5

a rebellious warrior and conqueror from Samaekand in central Asia that briefly interrupted the rise of the Ottoman Empirein the early 1400's; Europeans called him Tamerlane

Back 5

Timur the Lame

Front 6

he conquered both russia and persia, and burned the powerful city of baghdad in resent day iraq;

Back 6

Timur the Lame

Front 7

he butchered the inhabitants of Delhi and made a pyramid of their skulls; he defeatede the ottoman forces at the battle of ankara in 1402; he died 3 years later on his way to conquer china

Back 7

Timur the Lame

Front 8

built a force of 125 ships and 100,000 foot soldiersto conquer constantinople in 1453; this achievement was considered the most dramatic feat in ottoman history

Back 8

Mehmed II

Front 9

he opened constantinople to religious toleration, and helped to rebuild the city which is now called Istanbul

Back 9

Mehmed II

Front 10

ruled the ottoman empire for 46 years; a great miliary leader, his forces conquered Belgrade in 1521, Rhodes in the Mediterranean in 1522 and many people along the North African coastline

Back 10

Suleyman the Lawgiver

Front 11

he reigned from Istanbul and waged war with central Europeans, North Africans, and Central Asians; his massive Empire require an efficient government structure and social organization

Back 11

Suleyman the Lawgiver

Front 12

he created a law code to handle both criminal and civil actions; he also simplified the system of taxation and reduced government bureaucracy; his empire influenced the study of poetry, history, geography, astronomy, mathematics, and architecture

Back 12

Suleyman the Lawgiver

Front 13

in the ottoman empire, the policy of taking boys from conquered Christian peoples to be trained as Muslim soldiers

Back 13

devshirme

Front 14

a member of an elite force of soldiers in the ottoman empire

Back 14

janissary

Front 15

a member of a Shi'a Muslim dynasty that built an empire in Persia in the 16th-18th centuries

Back 15

safavid

Front 16

a 12 year old safavid warrior who seized most of what is now Iran in 1499, and took the Persian title of shah, or king

Back 16

Isma'il

Front 17

he established Shi'a Islam as the state religion; he bicame a religious turant and put any citizen who did not convert to Shi'ism to death; destroyed the Sunni population in Baghdad in his confrontation with the ottomans

Back 17

Isma'il

Front 18

hereditary monarch of Iran

Back 18

shah

Front 19

created a safavid culture that drew from the best from the ottoman, persian, and arab worlds; reformed both military and civilian aspects of life; established relations with Europe that resulted in flourishing industry and art

Back 19

shah abbas

Front 20

he brought in chinese artisans that led to beautiful decorations of mosques, palaces, and marketplaces; brought members of Christian religious orders into his empire, to encoutage industry, trade, and art exchanges between his empire and European nations

Back 20

shah abbas

Front 21

new capital city built by shah abbas that became a showplace for both foreign and safavid artisans, and was considered one of the most beautiful cities in the world

Back 21

esfahan

Front 22

ane of the nomads who invaded the Indian subcontinent in the 16th century and established a powerful empire there

Back 22

mughals

Front 23

inherited a tiny kingdom in what is now Uzbekistan and Tajikistan at the age of 11; years later he led an army that swept down into India and laid the groundwork for the Mughal Empire

Back 23

babur

Front 24

babur's grandson, is name means "Great One"; as a ruler he extended the Mughal Empire, established religious tolerance, established a tax based on a percentage of peasant crops, unified a land oof atleast 100 million people, and estavlished a culture that affected art, education, politics, and language

Back 24

akbar

Front 25

akbar's son, he called himself "Grasper of the World;" he was an extremely weak ruler, and for most of his reign, he left the affairs of state to his wife

Back 25

jahangir

Front 26

wife of jahangir; the real ruler of India from 1611-1622, she installed her father as Prime Minister of the Mughal court, and tried to promote only Islam in the Mughal state, rejecting religious toleration

Back 26

nur jahan

Front 27

a member of a nonviolent religious group whose beliefs blend elements of Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sufism

Back 27

sikhs

Front 28

son of jahangir and grandson of akbar; he secured his throne by assassinating all of his possible rivals; built the taj mahal as a memorial to his wife who died giving birth to theit 14th child

Back 28

shah jahan

Front 29

a beautiful tomb in agra, india, built by the mughal emperor shah jahan for his wife mumtaz mahal

Back 29

taj mahal

Front 30

son of shah jahan who arrested his father, put him in prison, and executed his older brother to secure the throne

Back 30

aurangzeb

Front 31

a master of military strategy and an aggressive empire builder, he ruled from 1658-1707; he strictly enforced Islamic laws, outlawed drinking and gambling, taxed non-muslims, and dissmissed Hindu's from high positionsin his government; the mughal empire declined and decayed under his reign

Back 31

aurangzeb