Ch. 7: Substance Use And Abuse

Front 1

Health compramising behaviours

Back 1

Tied to peer culture

Are pleasurable, look cool

Develop gradually

Become common in lower SES

Substance abuse of all kinds predicted by same factors

Hint 1

Peer pressure, lower SES, substance abuse prediction, gradual

Front 2

Physical dependence

Back 2

Body adjusts to substance and incorporates use into normal function if tissues

Hint 2

Normal function of tissues

Front 3

Tolerance

Back 3

Larger doses needed to produce same effects

Hint 3

Doses

Front 4

Craving

Back 4

Conditioning process involved so environmental cues trigger intense desire

Hint 4

Conditioning

Front 5

Addiction

Back 5

Physical or psychological dependence on substance following use over period of time

Hint 5

Physical and psychological

Front 6

Withdrawal

Back 6

Unpleasant symptoms (physical and psychological) experienced when (dependent) substance use halted

Hint 6

Symptoms

Front 7

Alcoholism and Problem Drinking

Back 7

3rd leading cause of preventable death

Linked to high blood pressure, stroke, cirrhosis of liver, fetal alcohol syndrome, some cancers

41% traffic related deaths linked to alcohol

Many drinkers keep problem hidden

Hint 7

Cause of death, disease

Front 8

Alcoholism

Back 8

Physical addiction to alcohol

Withdrawal symptoms when abstaining

High tolerance for alcohol

Little ability to control drinking

Hint 8

4 characteristics

Front 9

Problem Drinking

Back 9

Not all symptoms of alcoholism

Do have substantial social, psychological, medical problems from alcohol

Hint 9

Not all symptoms, but still problem

Front 10

Origins of alcoholism and PD

Back 10

Genetic

Gender

Physiological

Behavioural

Sociocultural

Hint 10

GGPBS

Front 11

Drinking and Stress

Back 11

Drinking buffers stress

Reduces negative emotions

Lowers anxiety

BUT can get to a point where negative thoughts may be amplified

Hint 11

Less stress or amplifies thoughts

Front 12

Social origins of drinking

Back 12

Two windows of vulnerability

1. Dependence starting between 12 and 21

2. Late middle age

Depression and alcoholism may be linkex

Hint 12

2 windows of vulnerability

Front 13

Treatment of alcohol abuse

Back 13

10-20% stop on their own

32% stop with minimal help

Some use cognitive-behavioral modification

Recovery prospects dim without employment or social support

Hint 13

Degrees of help

Front 14

Alcohol abuse treatment programs

Back 14

Self help groups (ex. AA)

Inpatient/outpatient programs

-detox

-short term, inpatient therapy

-continuing outpatient treatment

Hint 14

Self help and institutions

Front 15

Evaluation of treatment programs for alcohol abuse

Back 15

Success involved environmental factors, outpatient services, social support

Minimal interventions:

-can make dent in problem

-social engineering (banning alcohol, legal age, penalizing DUI)

Hint 15

Success depends on... and

Minimal interventions

Front 16

Recovered Acoholics drinking again

Back 16

AA philosophy: an alcoholic is an alcoholic for life

Drinking in moderation possible for

-young, employed PDers

-had not been drinking for long

-live in supportive environment

Hint 16

AA philosophy; possible in moderation for...

Front 17

Preventative approaches to alcohol abuse

Back 17

Appealing to adolescents to avoid drinking

Social engineering programs

Hint 17

Adolescents, social engineering

Front 18

Drinking and driving prevention

Back 18

1. Pressure gov for stricter control

2. Friends intervening

3. Stiffer penalties

4. Designated drivers

Hint 18

4 methods

Front 19

Alcohol consumption as health behaviour

Back 19

Modest intake (1-2 drinks/day) may add to long life

-coronary heart disease reduced

-HDL increase

-fewer strokes

In younger adults may enhance risks due to injury

Hint 19

Moderate drinking in adults and younger adults

Front 20

History of smoking

Back 20

Was considered sophisticated and manly

19th and 20th century: men depicted smoking regularly

21st century ads based on image

1965: 61% male adults smoking

Hint 20

Sophisticated and manly

Front 21

History of public health and smoking

Back 21

Not until 60s was smoking deemed potentially dangerous or cancerous

Hint 21

60s

Front 22

Smoking statistics

Back 22

Single greatest cause of preventable death

Leading cause of premature death in CA

-increase disease and disorder risk

-smokers less health conscieous

-second hand smoke

-lower cognitive function in adolescents

45k deaths a year in CA

30% of all cancer deaths

Hint 22

Greatest cause of preventablr, premature death

Front 23

Why do people smoke?

Back 23

Genetics (running family)

In adolescents:

-peer and family influences

-self identity

-nictotine addiction

Hint 23

Genetics and in adolescents

Front 24

Synergistic effect of smoking

Back 24

Enhances impact of other risk factors

-smoking and stress interact

-weight and smoking interact

-less physical activity

-potential cause of depression (esp. in youth)

-related in increase anxiety

Hint 24

Enhances other risk factors

Front 25

Interventions to reduce smoking

Back 25

Changing atittudes

Therapeutic approach

-nitotine replacement

-multimodal intervention

-interventions with adolescents

-maintainence

-relapse prevention

Hint 25

Attitudes and therapy

Front 26

Social engineering and smoking

Back 26

-liability litigation (transparency of health risks)

-regulation of access by Food and Drug Admin

-heavy tax

-restrict smoking areas

-inform on second hand smoke

Hint 26

Regulation, transparency, information