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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Why diet is important |
Contributes to array of diseases Implicated in some cancers Changing diet improves health |
Pros and cons |
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Resistance to modifying diet |
Problem with maintaining change Recommendations are restrictive, monotonous, expensive, hard to obtain Stress affects eating Changes may alter mood/personality |
Maintaining change and negative effects of change |
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Keto diet |
Low carbs (glucose) diet so body uses up fat cells |
Carbs |
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Carbohydrates |
Simple carbs bad for health (converted to glucose in blood easily) Complex carbs better (takes more and longer to convert to glucose) Raises blood sugar levels (type II diabetes) |
Simple and complex carbs |
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Obesity |
Excessive accumulation of body fat Global epidemic One of the most serious in Canada |
Epidemic |
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Obesity risks |
Risk factor for many disorders One of chief causes of disability Early mortality Psychological distress Can cause: -diabetes -CV disease -hypertension -stroke -cancer |
Disorders, disability, psychological distress |
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Obesity in childhood |
31% overweight or obese Genes contribute to risks Sedentary lifestyle Early eating habits contribute |
Causes |
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Obesity in older age |
1/4 people older than 50 Counseling to adopt healthy lifestyle Increase exercise |
Lifestyle, exercise |
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Fat located |
Abdominally Excessive central weight |
Gut |
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Factors associated with obesity |
1. Number and size of fat cells 2. Childhood: window of vulnerability 3. Style of eating 4. Family history 5. SES, culture 6. Yo-yo diet (taxing on body) 7. Set point theory of weight |
7 factors |
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Set point theory of weight loss |
Body will fight to maintain weight range Must increase restriction to get past plateau of weight loss |
Stop losing weight |
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Stress and eating |
Influences what food consumed Anxiety and depression contribute |
Influence of stress, anxiety, depression |
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Weight control methods |
Dieting Surgery |
2 methods |
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Cognitive behaviour theory |
Multimodal approach -screening (Ex. BMI) -self management (stress, encouragement) -social support -relapse prevention |
Multimodal; similar methods to drug addiction |
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Anorexia Nervosa |
Obsessive disorder amounting to self starvation Dieting and exercising until grossly underweight |
Obsessive disorder |
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Developing AN |
Genes Environmental risks Hypothalamic abnormalities Autoimmune problems Behavioural manifestations |
GEHAB |
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Treating AN |
Bring weight to safe level Family therapy Prevention Stressing health risks of disorder
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Self, environmental changes and information |
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Bulimia |
Eating syndrome of alternating cycles of binge and purge Methods: vomiting, laxatives, extreme dieting, drug or alcohol abuse |
Binge and purge |
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Developing Bulimia |
Hyperactive HPA axis (hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands in stress response) Food is constant thought Families stress thinness and appearance Stress Physiological disorders |
Social and physiological factors |
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Treating Bulimia |
Convince that it threatens health Convince that psychological interventions help Combine medication and cognitive-behavioural therapy Behavioural treatments Relapse prevention |
Convince them to get help, therapeutic treatments, prevention |
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Aerobic exercise |
Sustained exercise that stimulates/strengthens heart and lungs Improves body's utilization of oxygen |
High intensity, long duration and requires high endurance (ex. Jogging, swimming, bicycling) |
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What is enough exercise? |
3 hrs per week (3-5 sessions) Each session including 1. warm up (stretching, strength and endurance) 2. aerobics (rhythmic, raise heart rate) 3. cool down (calisthenics, walking) |
3hrs, 3-5 sessions, 3 steps |
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3 psychosocial benefits of exercise |
Feel less stressed and anxious Better work performance and attitude More positive self-concept |
Performance, stress, attitude |
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Physiological effects of exercise |
Increase endorphins (morphine-like) Improved agility in children Snows decrease of ability of older Slows increase in body fat and blood pressure Prevents CV problems Lower levels of forms of cancer |
Ability, physiological makeup, diseases |
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Benefits of exercising |
Decrease risk of chronic disease and some cancers Decreased Type II diabetes Faster wound healing Increased CV fitness Increased longevity |
Fitness and disease decrease |
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Exercise protects against CV disease |
Reduces blood pressure (disastolic and systolic) Reduces arrhythmic heart beats Decreases LDL increasing HDL |
Blood pressure, heart beats, fat types |
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Hazards of Exercising |
Accidents Injuries Heat exhaustion and heat stroke Precipitate heart attack Steroid use -raises LDL lowers HDL -liver and kidney burns, heart attacks, strokes |
Injuries, heat, steroids, heart |
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Determinants of regular exercise |
Positive attitude, sense of self efficacy, social support Boys more than girls Leaner people than than overweight Whites more than blacks or Hispanics Young more than old Well educated, higher SES Non-smokers Exercised in past Feel susceptible to illness |
Attitude, gender, SES, prior lifestyle, current lifestyle |
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Characteristics of exercise interventions |
Cognitive-behavioral strategies promote adherence Relapse preventions Individualized exercise programs Understanding motives and attitude |
4 characteristics |
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Accident prevention |
Home and workplace -most common death and disability among children under 5 declined due to better precautions -falls among elderly likely Motorcycle and automobile accidents -greatest cause of accidental deaths |
Home, work, vehicle |
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Accidents and death |
Leading cause of death for indivs under 45 Accounts for 20% of all deaths in 1-14yrs age group |
Age group deaths |
