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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what routes can the drug Cerebyx for epilepsy be given?
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IM or IV
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what routes can the drug Dilantin be given?
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oral or IV
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can Dilantin ever be given IM?
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no
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does Dilantin stop someone from seizing?
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no
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what can happen if Dilantin is given too fast?
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hypotension and cardiac arrhythmias
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what is the loading dose of Dilantin?
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15 mg/kg (about a gram)
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what is Dilantin a poster child for?
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drug shortages
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what do you have to remember when giving Dilantin?
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cannot give too fast because of the solvent
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what Benzo is usually given for seizures?
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Ativan (Lorazepam)
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what kinds of receptors are affected by Benzos?
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memory, emotion, muscles
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is Ativan used long term?
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nope
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what can you give at the same time as Ativan?
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Phenetoyn
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what is the drug of choice for febrile seizures?
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Barbiturate drugs (Phenobarbital)
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how can Phenobarbital be given?
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IV or IM
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what is an example of an anticonvulsant drug related to GABA?
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Topiramate, Valproic acid, Depakote
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how often is Depakote taken for seizures?
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one a day
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what are some common anti seizure meds that are not well understood?
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Tegretol and Vimpat
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what are some other anti seizure meds that are chemically unrelated to other anticonvulsant drugs?
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Lamictal, Keppra, Trileptal, Mysoline
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what does the choice of drug therapy depend on?
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patient's clinical symptoms and EEG test
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what do you do if the drug level is sub therapeutic?
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increase the drug dose
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what do you do if the drug level is therapeutic?
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give a prescription of a different anticonvulsant drug
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what are four common types of seizures?
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tonic clonic, petit mal, psychomotor, focal motor
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what characterizes a tonic clonic/grand mal seizure?
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unconsciousness, excessive motor activity, tongue biting, tonic clonic movements
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what are drugs for tonic clonic seizures?
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Tegretol, Cerebyx, Lamictal, Keppra, Dilantin, Luminal, Mysoline, Topamax
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what characterizes petit mal seizures?
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impaired consciousness, vacant staring, repetitive blinking, facial tics
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what are drugs for petit mal seizures?
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Valproic acid
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what characterizes a complex partial seizure?
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LOC, involuntary contractions of one or more muscle groups (lip smacking, fumbling, have an aura before)
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what are some drugs for complex partial seizures?
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Tegretol, Tranxene, Neurontin, Lamictal, Keppra, Topamax, Depakene/Depakote
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what are some drugs for focal motor seizures?
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Neurontin, Lamictal, Keppra, Trileptal, Luminal
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is status epilepticus a medical emergency?
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yes
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what is status epilepticus?
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state of prolonged seizure activity, frequently repeated individual seizures
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what drugs are given for status epilepticus?
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Diazepam (Diastat) and Cerebyx, Ativan, Pentobarbital
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what are the loading doses for Cerebyx and Ativan?
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Cerebyx- 15-20 mg; Ativan 2-4 mg IV push
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what kinds of drugs are given for Alzheimer's disease?
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Cholinesterase- breaks down acetylcholine
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what drug names are given for Alzheimer's disease?
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Aricept, Razadyne, Exelon, Cognex
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what is the only Alzheimer's drug that comes in a transdermal patch?
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Exelon
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what causes Parkinson's disease?
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an imbalance of dopamine and acetylcholine
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what are some early symptoms of Parkinson's disease?
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muscle rigidity, tremors, slowing of voluntary movements, mask-like facial expression, drooling from facial muscles, resting tremor
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what are drugs for Parkinson's disease divided into?
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drugs that enhance dopamine and those that enhance acetylcholine
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what are the drawbacks of levodopa?
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a large oral dose has to be given because most was converted to dopamine before reaching the brain
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what was found when levodopa was given with carbidopa?
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carbidopa inhibited the enzyme, causing larger doses of dopamine and more levodopa to cross the blood-brain barrier
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what are some Dopamine agonist drugs for Parkinson's disease?
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Symmetry, Apokyn, Parlodel, Mirapex, Requip, Neupro
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what is the action of MAO inhibitors for Parkinson's disease?
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inhibit the enzyme in the brain that destroys Dopamine
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what is the action of anticholinergic drugs for Parkinson's disease?
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inhibit the action of acetylcholine at cholinergic receptors in the brain
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what is an example of COMT inhibitor drug for Parkinson's?
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Entacapone (Comtan)
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what are some combination drugs used for Parkinson's disease?
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Sinemet, contain carbidopa and levodopa
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can any Parkinson's disease drugs "cure" it?
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nope
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what vaccine helps to prevent shingles/postherpetic neualgia?
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Zostavax
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what is a tricyclic antidepressant drug used for restless leg syndrome?
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Amitriptyline
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what two main drugs are used for restless leg syndrome?
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Mirapex, Requip
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is there currently an ideal sleep aid?
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no
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how long are hypnotic/sedative drugs used for to induce sleep?
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7-14 days, but never actually happens
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what is the most frequently prescribed drug we use for sleep?
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Ambien, Also Luniest and Sonata
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what hormone drug is used to regulate the 24 hour wake-sleep cycle?
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melatonin
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what is the main melatonin drug called?
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Rozerem
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what is the safest drug with one of the shortest half lives benzo used for insomnia?
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Restoril
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what drug with a side effect of drowsiness is used for insomnia?
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Trazodone
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should the elderly ever take Benadryl?
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nope
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what are some OTC drugs used for insomnia?
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Diphenhydramine and Doxylamine
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what do combination drugs for insomnia contain?
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an antihistamine and an analgesic
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