Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
carbon compounds |
-make up most of living organisms -forms large complex molecules -form Proteins, DNA, carbohydrates and other life molecules |
|
|
organic chemistry |
§thestudy of compounds that contain carbon |
|
|
vitalism |
§thebelief in a life force outside the jurisdiction of physical and chemical laws |
|
|
mechanism |
§theview that physical and chemical laws govern all natural phenomena |
|
|
Wohler (1828) |
§able to synthesize (organic) urea from(inorganic) ammonium (NH4+) andcyanate (CNO-)ions – cyanate ions derived from human blood |
|
|
Miller (1953) |
§Experimentssupport the idea that abiotic synthesis of organic compounds, perhaps nearvolcanoes, could have been a stage in the origin of life |
|
|
length |
|
|
|
double bond position |
|
|
|
branching |
|
|
|
rings |
|
|
|
hydrocarbons |
§organicmolecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen -can release a lot of energy -found in fats |
|
|
isomers |
§compoundswith the same molecular formula but different structures and properties |
|
|
structural isomers |
§different covalent arrangements of theiratoms |
|
|
cis-trans isomers (geometric isomers) |
§have the same covalent bonds but differin spatial arrangements |
|
|
enantiomers |
§isomers that are mirror imagesof each other |
|
|
§organismsare sensitive to even subtle variationsin molecules -ex. S-ibuprofen vs. R-ibuprofen |
Differing effects of enantiomersdemonstrate that |
|
|
functional groups |
§thecomponents of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemicalreactions |
|
|
§Hydroxyl group §Carbonyl group §Carboxyl group §Amino group §Sulfhydryl group §Phosphate group §Methyl group |
The seven functional groups |
|
|
hydroxyl group |
Polar due to electronegative oxygen. Forms hydrogen bonds with water.Compound name: Alcohol |
|
|
carbonyl group |
Sugars with ketone groups are called ketoses; those with aldehydesarecalled aldoses.Compound name: Ketone or aldehyde |
|
|
carboxyl group |
Acts as an acid.Compound name: Carboxylic acid, or organic acid |
|
|
amino group |
Acts as a base.Compound name: Amine |
|
|
sulfhydryl group |
Two —SH groups can react, forming a “cross-link” that helps stabilizeprotein structure.Compound name: Thiol |
|
|
phosphate group |
Contributes negative charge. When attached, confers on a molecule theabilityto react with water, releasing energy.Compound name: Organic phosphate |
|
|
methyl group |
Affects the expression of genes. Affects the shape and function ofsex hormones.Compound name: Methylated compound |
