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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Water properties |
-the biological medium on Earth -the only common substance to exist in the natural environment in all threephysical states of matter -Thestructure of the molecule allows it to interact with other molecules -unique emergent properties help make Earth suitable for life |
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§spendmore time near the oxygen than the hydrogen |
In the water molecule, theelectrons of the polarcovalent bonds |
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Polarity allows water molecules to |
form hydrogen bonds |
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Fourof water’sproperties that facilitate an environment for life are |
§Cohesive behavior §Ability to moderate temperature §Expansion upon freezing §Versatility as a solvent |
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cohesion |
Collectively, hydrogen bonds holdwater molecules together, |
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adhesion |
§anattraction between different substances, for example, between water and plantcell walls |
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surface tension |
§ameasure of how hard it is to break the surface of a liquid: high in water |
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thermal energy |
The kinetic energy associated withrandom motion of atoms or molecules |
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heat |
Thermal energy in transfer from onebody ofmatter to another |
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temperature |
§measureof energy that represents the average kinetic energy of the molecules ina body of matter |
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calorie |
§theamount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C |
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§1 J= |
0.239 cal |
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specific heat |
§theamount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of that substance tochange its temperature by 1°C |
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water's specific heat due to hydrogen bonding |
§1 cal/g/°C |
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heat of vaporization |
§theheat a liquid must absorb for 1 g to be converted to gas |
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evaporative cooling |
As a liquid evaporates, itsremaining surface cools |
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§Hydrogen bonds between separate H2O molecules! |
what causes H2O to have such a high specific heatand high heat of vaporization? |
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aqueous solution |
§ onein which water is the solvent |
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hydration shell |
§Whenan ionic compound is dissolved in water, each ion is surrounded by a sphere ofwater molecules §Ex: NaCl dissolves in H2O. Na+ and Cl- are surrounded by H2O molecules. |
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hydrophillic |
§H2O dissolves ions and molecules thathave charged surfaces A substance is one that has anaffinity for water |
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hydrophobic |
§Somebiological molecules lack charge and will not dissolve in H2O §A substance is one that does not have an affinity for water §Ex. Hexane (C6H14) – why? contains non-polar covalent bonds |
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mol |
§Numbersof molecules are usually measured in 6.02x10^23 molecules |
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molarity |
§thenumber of moles of soluteper liter of solution |
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1 mole= |
molecular mass= |
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waters dynamic equilibrium |
§whichwater molecules dissociate at the same rate at which they are being reformed |
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acid |
§anysubstance that increases the H+concentration of a solution |
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base |
§anysubstance that reduces the H+concentration of a solution |
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buffers |
§substancesthat minimize changes in concentrations of H+and OH− in a solution §Most contain a weak acid and its corresponding base, which combinereversibly with H+ ions |
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ocean acidification |
CO2 dissolved in sea water formscarbonic acid |
