Biology Chapter 2 The Chemistry Of Life

Front 1

enzyme

Back 1

special that speed up chemical reactions of a cell to biologically useful raters (biological catalyst)

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substrate

Back 2

in enzymatic reaction, the substrate is something that is acted upon

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active site

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the place on the place enzyme where the substrate attaches and where the reaction takes place

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organic

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molecules containing carbon and hydrogen

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catalyst

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substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without begin change used or attered in the reaction

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protons = electron =atomic number

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elements on the periodic table are according to atomic number also ____ and _____

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mass number =

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protons plus neutrons

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neutrons=

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mass - atomic number

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organic compounds contain the element __________

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cabon

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carbonhydrates contiain the three elements

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cabon, hydrogen, oxygen

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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen are found in a _____ ratio in carbohydrates

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1:2:1

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simples sugar are

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monosaccharides

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example of monosaccharides are

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glucose, fructose, and galactose

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two monosaccharides chemically combined

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dissacharides

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examples of dissacharides

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sucrose and lactose

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three or more monosaccharides chmically combined

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polyaccharide

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examples of polyaccharide

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cellutose and chitin

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needed for quick energy

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carbohydrates

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types od carbohydrates

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sugar and starches

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sugar end in the letters

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-ose

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carbohydrates compounds contain

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the element carbon

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carbon is found in all

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organic compounds

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body quick energy

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carbohydrates

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plants store excess energy in the form of

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unsaturated fats

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starch is used to store

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energy in plants

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types of lipids

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fats, oils, waxes, steroids

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they do not disslove in water

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lipids

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fats are made up of

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glycerol and three fatty acids

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used to store excess energy in animals and to regluate specific body functions

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saturated fats

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contains twice as much energy as carbohydrates

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fats

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contain half as energy as fats

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carbs

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lipids are needed to

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stored energy and protection

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fats have only single bonds

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monosaccharides

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fats have double and/or triple bonds

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dissacharides

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saturated fats contain only ____ bonds and are solid at ropom temperature

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one

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unsaturated fats contain_____ and/or _____ bonds and are liquid at room temperature

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double and triple

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easier to digest

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unsaturated fats

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plants store energy as _____ which is a type od carbohydrates

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starch

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lipids and carbohydrates are both______ componds, which of means they are made up od element carbon

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organic

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______ are also organic componds, however they are made up of amino acids

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lipids

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building blocks of protein

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amino acids

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protein are made up of 21 different kinds of

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amino acid

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nedded to growth and maintenance

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protein

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protein are made up of

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amino acids

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amino acids have three parts:

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amino group, carboxyl group , and side group

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amino group is

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NH2

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carboxyl group is

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COOH

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compound contain carbon

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organic

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carbohydrates,lipids and poteins are all ________, meaning they are carbon base

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organic compound

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DNA aand RNAare two types of

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nucleic acid

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DNA stands for

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deoxyribonucleic acids

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RNA stands for

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ribonucleic acids

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nucleic acids are made up with repeating

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nucleotides

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the three parts of a nulceotides are

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sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base

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DNA has four nitrogen base they are

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thymine, adenine,cytosine,and guanine

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RNA has four nitrogen base they are

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uracil,adenine, cytosine, and guanine

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DNA's sugar is called

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deoxyribose

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RNA's sugar is called

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ribose

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a double stranded molecules

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DNA

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a single stranded molecules

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RNA

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organic molecules contains

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carbon

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carbhydrates are needed for

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energy

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lipids are needed for

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stored energy and protection

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proteins are needed for

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structure and amino acids

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there are ___ different amino acids

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3

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DNA carries the _____ information in a cell

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genetic

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smallest part of an element that still retain all the properites of the elements

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atom

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the simplest form of matter

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elements

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there are ____ naturally accuring elements on earth

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92

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three basic partsof an atom are the

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proton, electron, neutrons

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proton

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positive charge, mass 1 amu found on the inside of the necleus

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electron

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negative charge, mass 0 amu found on the outside of the necleus in a electron cloud

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neutron

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no electrical charge, mass 1amu found on the inside of the necleus

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elements consistes of ________ letters

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1 or 2

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the first letter of symbol is always

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capiatalized

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the second letter of symbol is always

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lower case

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C is the symbol for

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carbon

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Ag is the symbol for

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silver

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atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are called

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isotopes

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isotopes are atom with the same number of protons (meaninf the same element) but differnet numbers of

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neutrons

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cabon atom has 6 neutrons and carbon aton has 8 neutron they are

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isotopes

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a chemical bond in which electrons are lost and gained is called

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ionic bond

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a covalent bond is one in which electrons are

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shared

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stronger than ionic bonds

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convalent bonds