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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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ACID
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substance that dissociates in water- releases hydrogen
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ATOM
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smallest unit of an element. composed of subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, electrons)
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smallest
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ATOMIC NUMBER
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number of protons within the nucleus of an atom
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protons
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BASE
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substances that take up hydrogen ions
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hydrogen
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BUFFER
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keeps pH in normal limits
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pH
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COMPOUND
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when matter is formed of more than one type of atom
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atoms
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COVALENT BOND
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chemical bond in which atoms share on pair of electrons. Shells overlap to share electrons & it is very strong. There are single, dbl, and triple covalent bonds.
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atoms shair
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ELECTRON
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negative subatomic particle moving energy around nucleus of an atom
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negative
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ELECTRONEGATIVITY
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attraction of an atom for electrons in covalent bond
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attraction
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ELECTRON SHELLS
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energy levels in atoms
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ELEMENT
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basic substance of matter
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HYDROGEN BOND
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The weak attraction between pos and neg charged ends of polar molecules. Easily broken, weaker.
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weak
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HYDROGEN
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ion (H+)
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HYDROPHYLLIC
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molecules that attract water
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water
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HYROPHOBIC
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molecules that repel water
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water
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HYDROXIDE ION
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lost electron that is positively charged
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lost
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ION
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any atom with a number of electrons that is different from its number of protons
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IONIC BOND
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Transfer (back and forth) of electrons from one atom to another.
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transfer
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ISOTOPE
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atoms of the same element, but have different # of neutrons
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same, but different
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MASS NUMBER
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presence of certain particles
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presence
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MATTER
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anything that takes up space and has mass. It is made up of elements.
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MOLECULE
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Smallest possible unit of a compound. It is formed by bonding of two or more atoms.
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NEUTRON
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neutral subatomic particle
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NONPOLAR COVALENT BOND
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when atom bond is equal
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equal
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OCTET RULE
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2 - 8 rule of electrons in the shell
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2 - 8
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ORBITAL
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volume of space where electron is found
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pH SCALE
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indicates acidity and alkalinity
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POLAR COVALENT BOND
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sharing of electrons
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share
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PROTON
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positively charged subatomic particle in nucleus
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positive
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SALT
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Sodium chloride
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element name
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SOLUTE
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disolved substances in solution
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SOLUTION
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fluid
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TRACER
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detector
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HOW MANY NATURALLY OCCURING TYPES OF MATTER ARE THERE?
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92 (Periodic Table)
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What is the most common ELEMENT on Earth?
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Iron
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What are the 3 states of MATTER?
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Solid, liquid, gass
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NAME THE 3 SUBATOMIC PARTICLES FOUND IN AN ATOM
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Protons + (stationary)
Neutrons - (stationary no charge) Electrons - (always moving, no mass no charge) |
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MATTER IS NOT STILL
TRUE OR FALSE? |
TRUE. Matter is always moving and orbiting
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NUCLEUS
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center of the atom. made up of protons and neutrons.
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NIELS BOHR
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Physicist that devised Octet Rule. Innermost shell holds 2 electrons, all others hold up to 8
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ATOMS LIKE TO BE STABLE
TRUE OR FALSE? |
TRUE. THey like to be balanced and stable and are most stable when outer shell is full.
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NAME THE SIX MOST IMPORTANT ELEMENTS
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CHONPS
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus Sulfur |
CHONPS
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PLANTS (Autotropes) USE COVALENT BONDS TO STORE ENERGY. TRUE OR FALSE
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TRUE. Convert CO2 into food and store it
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NAME FOUR TYPES OF BONDS
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Covalent - very strong
Ionic- Molecular- Hydrogen- weak, it is the molecular "stickiness" |
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pH SCALE
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measurement scale for Hydrogen atoms in fluid
1 is highest (acidic) 14 is lowest (alkaline) |
1 -14
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WATER
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A polar molecule. The fluid most necessary for life. Almost no biological processes happen in water.
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PHSYICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER
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1)Freezing point: liquid to solid 0 degrees C
2) Boiling point: liquid to gas. 100 degrees C |
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BOTH LIVING AND NONLIVING THINGS ARE COMPOSED OF MATTER/ELEMENTS. TRUE OR FALSE?
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TRUE. Most common are CHONPS
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HOW DO IONS FORM?
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When atoms lose or gain one or more electrons to complete the outer shell
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lose or gain
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