Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
DNA code for traits by dictating |
protein synthesis |
|
|
Proteins are the links between |
genotype and phenotype |
|
|
The molecular chain of command is from |
DNA in the nucleus to RNA in nucleus to RNA in the cytoplasm to protein |
|
|
Transcription |
sends out copy of "instructions" in the form of mRNA mRNA is made by copying DNA strand (nucleus) |
|
|
Translation |
The mRNA instructions go out into cell Tell cell what proteins to make (cytoplasm) |
|
|
Triplet code |
the flow of information from gene to protein is based on a...... instructions for the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain are written in DNA and RNA as a series of non over lapping, three base "words: called codons. |
|
|
translation involves switching from |
the nucleotide " language" to the amino acid " language" each amino acid is specified by a codon most amino acid have more than one possibly codon |
|
|
genetic code is the |
amino acid translation of each nucleotide triplet three nucleotides each amino acids sixty- one codons correspond to amino acids AUG codes for methinine and signals the start of transcription |
|
|
Redudant |
more than one codon for some amino acids |
|
|
Unambigous |
in that any codon for one amino acid does not code for any other amino acid |
|
|
Translation etc |
proteins are strings of amino acids one gene= one protein Ribosomes translate RNA code into proteins |
|
|
Central dogma of molecular biology |
1. Replication- all DNA is copied from other DNA 2. Transcription- all RNA is copied from DNA 3. Translation- all proteins are synthesized from RNA |
|
|
Transcription three main phases |
1. Initiation- attachment of RNA polymerase 2. Elongation- growing the new RNA strand |
|
|
Transcription 1 |
RNA polymerase binds to a promoter just upstream from initiation site |
|
|
Promoter |
sequences of 3 nucleotides that tells RNA polymerase that a gene is nearby |
|
|
more transcription1 |
RNA polymerase starts moving along DNA, from 5' to 3, adding nucleotides to growing strand of mRNA |
|
|
more transcription2 |
keeps going until hits stop sequence/terminator DNA RNA polymerase and mRNA strand "falls off" |
|
|
Eukaryotic RNA processioning1 |
Messenger RNA(mRNA) Encodes amino acid sequences conveys genetic messages from DNA to the translation machinery of the cell |
|
|
Eukaryotic RNA processioning2 |
In eukaryotes, mRNA must exit the nucleus via nuclear pores to enter the cytoplasm |
|
|
mRNA processing |
processed in several ways before leaving nucleus Guanine cap added to 5' end Poly A tail added to 3' end splicing occurs...removal of introns |
