Biology 105 Lecture 9

Front 1

Passive transport

Back 1

when movement of molecules driven by concentration gradient. No ATP required.

Front 2

Osmosis

Back 2

Water can diffuse from an area of high concentration to low concentration. Special case for the diffusion of water(FREE WATER)

Front 3

Free water

Back 3

water that is not associated with a solute molecule

Front 4

Water

Back 4

sticks to solute molecules. form hydration sphere. many water surrounds each solute because its adhesive properties.

Front 5

Adding solute to water will

Back 5

decrease the amount of free water. another way is tonicity

Front 6

Tonicity

Back 6

Special terms exist to compare solute concentration between a cell and its environment

Front 7

Hypertonic

Back 7

solution with higher solute concentration than one comparing to

Front 8

Hypotonic

Back 8

solution with a lower concentration than one comparing to

Front 9

Isotonic

Back 9

solution with same solute concentration as one comparing to

Front 10

Osmoregulation

Back 10

water can move in and out of cells easily. Cells control water balance by controlling solute concentrations. Depends on the cell type and the environment.

Front 11

Osmosis in plant cells

Back 11

maintain higher solute inside of cell, on purpose, so water moves in...pushes out against cell wall. This is turgor pressure( plant shriveling, needs water)

Front 12

Freshwater fish in osmosis

Back 12

hypertonic to the water around them... have to keep pumping water out of cell.

Front 13

Molecules don't move directly through lipid bi layer?

Back 13

Can move via facilitated diffusion. Passive transport. Protein provides channel. used for ions and small molecules. Very selective

Front 14

Active transport

Back 14

Cells uses ATP energy to move ions or molecules. Can move against concentration gradient . Transport protein changes shape during the process

Front 15

Transport protein steps

Back 15

1. Solute binds to transport protein

2. ATP provides energy for changes in protein shape.

3. Protein returns to original shape and more solute can bind.

Front 16

Exocytosis

Back 16

is used for export

Front 17

Endocytosis

Back 17

is used for import

Front 18

Three types of enocytosis

Back 18

1. Phagocytosis ( WBC, vacuoles,large molecules)

2. Pinocytosis ( fluid- take it)

3. Receptors( miated endocytosis, vesicles, random picking)

Front 19

Energy

Back 19

capacity to cause change or to do work

Front 20

Kinetic Energy

Back 20

energy in motion

Front 21

Potential energy

Back 21

stored energy due to location or structure

Front 22

Chemical energy

Back 22

potential energy stored in a molecule

Front 23

Laws of thermodynamic

Back 23

study of energy transformations

Front 24

first law of thermodynamics

Back 24

total amount of energy in universe is constant(cannot created or destroyed...just change form)

Front 25

Second law of thermodynamic

Back 25

energy conversions reduce the order of the universe ( or increase entropy)

Front 26

Entropy

Back 26

disorder so entropy increases

Front 27

endergonic

Back 27

needs energy to go. product have more energy than reactants. Reaction makes a molecules or molecules

Front 28

exergonic

Back 28

releases energy

Front 29

metabolism

Back 29

sum of all endergonic and exergonic rxns occuring in a cell

Front 30

pathway

Back 30

series of rxns that builds or brakes down a molecule

Front 31

ATP

Back 31

energy currency of cells. Powers all form of cell work

Front 32

phsphorylation

Back 32

transfer of phosphate group to another molecule