Bio Unit 2/lecture 12

Front 1

Why does countercurrent exchange optimize gas exchange across some gills?

Back 1

It sustains an optimal respiratory gas concentration gradient, allowing diffusion to occur across the entire respiratory surface

Front 2

When the body experiences stress, the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system stimulates the adrenal medulla to release

Back 2

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Front 3

During resting breathing in humans, which of the following is accurate?

Back 3

Rib muscles and the diaphragm relax

Front 4

The main force that moves blood throughout the system of blood vessels is

Back 4

arterial blood pressure

Front 5

Which of the following respiratory surface properties enhances the diffusion of respiratory gases?

Back 5

large surface area

Front 6

Which two components of blood involve the formation of clots?

Back 6

fibrinogen and platelets

Front 7

What would you predict would happen in an area of the body where blood is relatively acidic (low pH)?

Back 7

O2 would release from hemoglobin

Front 8

The purpose(s) of the pulmonary circuit in a closed circulatory system is to

Back 8

take blood to and from the lungs

Front 9

Why is proper ventilation important for a respiring animal?

Back 9

It maintains proper O2 and CO2 levels on the external side of the respiratory surface so diffusion across it can be maintained

Front 10

An atrioventricular valve would be located

Back 10

between the left atrium and the left ventricle, and between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Front 11

Which of the choices below illustrates the control of cardiac output?

Back 11

baroreceptors-brainstem-heart

Front 12

Which of the following would NOT be likely to pass easily through capillary walls?

Back 12

erythrocytes

Front 13

CO2 is transported in the blood in which of the following?

Back 13

dissolved in the red blood cells exclusively

Front 14

Which of the following is an example of local control over breathing?

Back 14

automated lung ventilation and lung perfusion adjustments maximizing O2 and CO2 exchange

Front 15

Which of the following occurs during human inhalation?

Back 15

The diaphragm contracts and the external intercostal muscles contract

Front 16

Where are baroreceptors located?

Back 16

walls of blood vessels

Front 17

Which of the following chemicals has the LEAST influence on the regulation of breathing rate?

Back 17

O2

Front 18

The function of the valves in the heart is to

Back 18

prevent backflow of blood

Front 19

Which structure(s) could be considered to be blood reservoirs?

Back 19

veins

Front 20

Erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates stem cells in the bone marrow to increase erythrocyte production, is produced in the

Back 20

kidneys

Front 21

When blood returns from the pulmonary circuit, it first enters which chamber of the heart?

Back 21

left atrium

Front 22

While running

Back 22

only your systolic blood pressure would elevate

Front 23

The "lub" heart sound represents

Back 23

closure of the AV valves

Front 24

Traveling to a high altitude can result in "altitude sickness." However, the body eventually adjusts through which mechanism?

Back 24

increased hemoglobin production as a result of increased secretion of erythropoietin

Front 25

Which of the following is an advantage of water as a respiratory medium?

Back 25

Water keeps the respiratory surface wetted