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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the largest joint in the body?
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knee joint - tibiofemoral
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What is the muscle that is the primary hip flexor?
What is the primary hip extensor |
flexor - Iliospoas
extensor - gluteus maximus |
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What ligament of the knee connects the anterior tibia to the posterior femur?
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ACL
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What ligament of the knee connects the posterior tibia to the anterior femur?
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PCL
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What ligament prevents the knee hyperextension?
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ACL
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A person test positive for an anterior drawer test. What is your diagnosis?
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ACL tear
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What 2 tests look for meniscal injury to the knee?
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Apley's compression test
McMurray's test |
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What are the 2 divisions of the sciatic nerve?
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tibial and peroneal
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from what nerve root does the femoral nerve arise?
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L2-L4
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a pt complains about superficial pain on the medial aspect of the leg half-way between the ankle and the knee. What dermatome is involved?
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L4
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What dermatome encompasses the dorsum of the great toe?
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L5
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The achilles reflex assesses what nerve root?
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S1
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The patellar reflex assesses what reflex?
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L4
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What degree range is considered nl for the femoral head angulation?.........for the Q angle?
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femoral head angulation - 120-135
Q angle - 10-12 |
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What are the 3 positions of the foot necessary in order for it to be considered pronated?
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Dorsiflexsion
eversion aBduction |
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A pt presents with a supinated right foot. What can be said about this pts right fibular head?
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posterior
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What nerve may be damaged by a posterior fibular head?
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peroneal aka fibular nerve
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What is the most common compartment syndrome?
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anterior
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a pt presents with and ankle sprain. There is trace laxity of the joint, and the injury appears to only involve the anterior talofibular ligament.......What is the likley degree of the this sprain? What is the type of sprain?
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Type 1
Second degree |
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What are the components of the O'Donahue's triad?
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aka terrible triad
ACL, MCL, medial meniscus tear |
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In what position is the ankle more stable>
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dorsiflexsion
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What set of ligaments are the most common ones involved in ankle sprains?
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Ant. talofibular
Post. talofibular Calcanofibular |
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What kind of blocker is prozosin>
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alpha 1
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What does clonidine do?
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stimulates alpha 2 - CNS effects
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What does propanolol do?
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beta 1 and beta 2 blocker
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what does metoprolol do?
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blocks beta1 only....selective
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What receptors are stimulated by dobutamine?
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Beta 1
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What receptors are stimulated by dopamine?
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dopamine and Beta
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What receptors are stimulate by Isoproterenol?
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beta 1 and 2
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What cholinesterase inhibitor is the classic one used to test for myasthenia gravis?
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Edrophonium
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Do organophosphates stimulate or inhibit cholinesterase? Why are they so highly toxic?
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Irreversible
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What is the difference between denial and repression?
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denial - block perseptions from awareness
repression - block unacceptable urges and feelings |
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When does REM begin when a narcoleptic falls into a narcoleptic sleep?
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At onset of sleep go right into REM
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What is the difference between central and obstructive sleep apnea?
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Central - No resp effort, sesation of resp drive
Obstructive - increased resp effort***. seen more in obese people due to membrane collapse |
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list the 5 states of dying as authorized by Elizabeth Kubler Ross, in order from the 1st to last stage:
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1. denial
2. anger 3. bargin 4. grief 5. acceptance |
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name the neurotransmitter at the abnl level in the following:
Schizophrenia |
increased dopamine
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what neurotransmitter is messed up in Depression?
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decreased NE, serotonin, and dopamine
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what neurotranmitter is messed up in alzheimer's?
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decreased Ach
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What neurotransmitter is messed up with anxiety?
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decreased GABA
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compare and contrast delirium and dementia
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delirium - impairment of consciousness, fast onset, reversible
dementia - no impairment of consciousness, slow onset, NOT reversible |
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What personality disorder is messed up when one has feelings that they are better than others on a regular basis?
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Narcositic
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What personality type is marked by a dramatic emotional personality that may also exhibit some level of sexual promicity or other inappropriate sexual behavior?
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Historinic
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TO what 1 category of disorders do phobias, agoraphobia, and post-traumatic stress syndrome belong?
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anxiety
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How do the duration of symptoms compare between somatization disorder and conversion disorder?
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somatization have for most of like
conversion - symptoms come and go |
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If a schizophrenic presents with hallucinations and delusions what type of symptoms are these classified as under the heading of schizophrenia?
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positive
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At what point in the night does a person with major depression generally have the most difficulty getting to sleep or remaining asleep?
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early morning
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What type of is marked by a 3sec/ spike and dome on EEG during the attack?
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petit mal
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What are the 2 major signs of opioid intoxiacation?
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euphoria and apathy
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What are the 5 major signs of opiod withdrawal?
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1. nausea
2. vomiting 3. sweating 4. fever 5. muscle ache |
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What are the 4 risk factors for physical child abuse?
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1. poverty
2. low birth weight 3. drug use 4. parent was abused |
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what are the 2 risk factors for sexual child abuse?
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1. drugs
2. single parent in the home |
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list what percentage is included in +/- 1 standard deviation.....+/-2........and +/- 3
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+/- 1: 68%
+/- 2: 95% +/-3: 99% |
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what term describes the probablity that a negative test result is actually negative?
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NPV
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What term describes probability that a positive test is actually positive?
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PPV
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What term is used to determine the probabilty that an ill patient with have a positive test?
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Sensitivity
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What term is used to look at a healthy pt who will has a negative test?
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specificity
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What term is defined as the # of people who have a specific disease at a given point in time PER 100,000 PEOPLE?
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prevalence
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What term is defined as the # of new people that develop a specific disease in one year per 100,000 people
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Incidence
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In a randomized control trial what type of error results in the rejection of the null hypothesis even though the null hypothesis is true?
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type 1
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In an observational cohort what is the term for the ability of the test to actually test what it is meant to test?
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validity
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What is the term for how well the test results can be reproduced?
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reliability
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What 2 components are needed for someone to be involuntarily treated?
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1. mentally ill
2. damage to self or others |
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What are the 4 situations in which parental consent is NOT needed in the Tx of a minor?
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Emergency
STDs Pregnant Amancipated |
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What is medicare for?
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care of elderly or disabled
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What is medicaid for?
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care of the poor
welfare recipients |
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What type of bladder is created by spinal cord damage above the sacral cord?
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automatic
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What type of bladder is created by damage of the sensory nerves?
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atonic (loss of tone)
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What are the 3 major drugs/drug classes that enhance neuromuscular block?
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Halothane
Aminoglycoside CCB |
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What is the most common indication for scoplamine use?
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motion sickness
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What are the 6 major side effects of estrogen Treatment?
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1. skin pigmentation
2. hypertension 3. break through bleeding 4. breast tenderness 5. nausea 6. vomiting |
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what are the 3 major side effects of treatment with progesterones?
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wt gain
depression hirstitism |
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What blood disorder and liver disorder can result from OCPs?
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Thrombolemboli
Benign Adenoma Tumor |
