• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/63

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

63 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is the typical duration of pain associated with an MI?
>30 min
Why is thromboxane a pro-coagulant?
Induces platlet stickiness
makes platelets MORE sticky
Increases gp 1b and gpIIb/IIIa to stick out further
What nerve root is being tested by the biceps reflex?
C5
If you wanted to test range of motion of the shoulder what test would be probably best to utilize?
Apley scratch test
What is the most common brachial plexus injury and what nerve roots are damaged in this case?
Erb Duchenne --> C5,C6
Superior aspect of brachial plexus
What tests are positive or tend to be positive in thoracic outlet syndrome?
Apley's scratch
Roo's
Allen's
How does adhesive capsulitis develop from a general perspective?
Non-movement of the shoulder causes fibrosis
What is the nl carrying angle of the female?
10-12 degress
What are the 2 primary supinators of the forearm?
biceps and supinator
What is the technical term for tennis elbow and strain of what group of muscles causes this?
Strain of extensors***

Lateral Epicondylitis
What are the 3 common tests for carpal tunnel syndrome?
Tinnel's
Phalen's
Prayer
What nerve os entrapped in carpal tunnel syndrome?
Median Nerve
If the MCP and DIP and PIP is contracted, what hand deformity is present?
Boutaneer's
What nerve can be damaged in bishop's deformity?
Median and Ulnar N
Constant Bishop = ulnar n
If only occurs when grab for something = median n
Why is thomboxane a pro-coagulant?
platlets more sticky
What is the main difference in the mechanism of action between streptokinase and TPA?
Streptokinase - acts on all plasminogen and will degrade new and old clots

tPA - Fibrin selective, only destroys clots already bound to fibrin
Name the general action of each of the 4 classes of antiarrhythmics drugs
Na Blockers
Beta blockers
K channel blockers
CCB
To what class of inotropic drugs do digoxin and digitoxin belong?
Glycosides
What is the formula for calculating mean blood pressure?
Diastolic + 1/3(Systolic-Diastolic)
What is the formula for Total peripheral resistance?
TPR = MBP/CO
What is the formula for Clearance?
Cl = (Urine Flow x [Cr]urine) / [Cr]serum

Note: urine flow must be in ml/min
In terms of the kidney and lung which one regulates bicarb and which regulates Carbon Dioxide?
CO2 = Lung

Bicard = Kidney
What is the formula for compliance?
compliance =
(change in volume)/(change in pressure)
What is the formula for elasticity?
Elasticity =
(change in pressure)/(change in volume)
What ion channel is ope during the upstroke phase of the action potenial?
Na
Is the sodium-potassium channel and example of active, faciliated, or secdondary active transport?
Active
What about the sodium-glucose carriers?
facilitated-active transport
What is the major prophylactic agent for asthma
chromyln
What 2 receptors if stimulated will increased cAMP?
Beta and H2
What 3 hormones / drugs will increase cGMP?
Nitrous oxide
AMP
Viagra - sildenafil
With regard to G proteins which one inhibits adenylate cyclase?
Gi
Which G protein stimulates adenylate cyclase?
Gs
Which G protein activates phospholipase C
Gq
What type of nerve fiber innervates skeletal muscle?
A-alpha
What is the diameter in comparison with other types of nerve fibers?
Largest nerve diameter
What 2 types of nerve fibers are involved with afferent and efferent innervation of the muscle spindle?
Afferent - nerve to spinal cord**
A-alpha

Efferent - to the spindle fibers
A-gamma
What touch receptors sense:
Pressure?
Touch?
Pain and Temp?
Vibration?
Pressure - Merckles

Touch - Meisner's corpuscle and hair follicles

Pain and Temp - free nerve endings

Vibration - pancinan corpuscles
Describe the lens elasticity in presbyopic pts?
become incapable to see up close without reading glasses

Cannot shorten focal length of lens - loss of elasticity
Does the slow or fast phase of eye movement determine the direction of nystagmus that we note?
fast phase
Compare and contrast deafness in terms of what is damaged / defective in the ear and what the results of the Rinne and Weber tests are
Conduction deafness - cannot conduct sound - due to obstruction of sound waves, such ear is filled with an object

Weber test - place tuning fork on the forehead and see which side it lateralizes to, hear best**. Sound will lateralize to WORST ear**

Rinne - Bone conduction vs air conduction, hold tuning form behind ear and when cannot hear it move to air beside ear. bone > air in sick pt
What does SNS stimulation of the bronchi effect?
GI?
Spincters?
Pupils?
GI tract in general - motility?
bronchi - dialation
GI sphincters - contraction
Pupils - dialation
GI tract - motility: decrease motility
Which cholinergic recepto in general are found on autonomic ganglia and the neuromuscular junction?
Nicotinic type 2 - neuromusclar juntion

nicotinic type 1 - autonomic ganglia
Which cholinergic receptors are on sweat glands?
muscarinic
Which cholinergic receptors are on postsynaptic parasympathetic?
cholinergic response - muscarinic
Identify which adrenergic receptor do the following:
1. post SNS vasodilation and bronchodilation
2. presynaptic SNS
3. CNS
4. Postsynaptic SNS on heart
5. postsynaptic SNS with vasoconstrictive and GI inhibitory effects
1. post SNS vasodilation and bronchodilation - B2
2. presynaptic SNS - A2
3. CNS - A2
4. Postsynaptic SNS on heart - B1
5. postsynaptic SNS with vasoconstrictive and GI inhibitory effects - A1
What nodes in the heart are innervated by the left vs the right vagus nerve, and what specific aspect of heart function is controlled by these 2 different branches of the vagus?
Left vagus - AV node
decrease conduction though AV node

Right vagus - SA node, decrease frequency of SA node and decreased HR
What component of muscles measures muscle length?
spindles
When stimulated do spindles activate or inhibit alpha motor neurons?
activate
Which has the highest glycotic capacity: red or white skeletal muscle?
White
What does calcium bind to intracellulary in the process of activation of contraction of skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle?
skeletal muscle: troponin

smooth muscle: calmodulin

cardiac: troponin
What does the a-wave assess in the cardiac pressures?
filling
What part of the lung is perfusion the greatest?
base of lung
In what part is ventilation the greatest?
base of lung
in what part does ventilation far exceed perfusion?
apex of lung
At what level of the brainstem may a transection occur that will have NO EFFECT on respiration
above the pons
What adrenal disorder is characterized by overproduction of androgens?
mineralcorticoids?
glucocorticoids?
androgens - virulization
mineralcorticoids - Conn's
Glucocorticoids - Cushings
What is the primary motion of T11 and T12
flexsion and extension
What rib dysfunction exists if the ribs are stuck down?
Exhalation dysfunction
What rib restriction exists if the ribs are stuck down?
inhalation rest
What is the key rib in these situations?
top rib
In what gender is dysplastic spondylolisthesis most common?
female
What type of spondylolisthesis is this?
type 1
When does the initial defect occur?
at birth