A&p Lab Ex 15 (Th)

Front 1

Nervous tissue is made up of __ main cell types

Back 1

2

Front 2

Neuroglia of the peripheral nervous system include __ and __

Back 2

oligondendrocytes and astrocytes

Front 3

___ are the functional units of nervous tissue

Back 3

Neurons

Front 4

These branching neuron processes serve as receptive regions and transmit electrical signals toward the cell body. They are ___

Back 4

dendrites

Front 5

True/False

Axons are neuron processes that generate and conduct nerve impulses.

Back 5

True

Front 6

Most axons are covered with a fatty material called ____, which insulates the fibers and increases the speed of neurotransmission.

Back 6

myelin sheath

Front 7

Neuron fibers (axons) running through the central nervous system form __ of white matter.

Back 7

tracts

Front 8

Neurons can be classified according to structure. __ neurons have many processes that issue from the cell body.

Back 8

Multipolar

Front 9

Neurons can be classified according to function. __ or motor neurons carry electrical signals from the central nervous system primarily to muscles or glands.~

Back 9

afferent

Front 10

Within a nerve, each axon is surrounded by a covering called the __.~

Back 10

endoneurium

Front 11

The basic functional unit of the nervous system is the neuron. What is the major function of this cell type?

Back 11

To transmit messages from one part of the body to another in the form of nerve impulses

Front 12

Name four types of neuroglia in the central nervous system.

Back 12

1. astrocytes 2. Oligodendrocytes 3. microglial cells 4. ependymal cells

Front 13

Function of astrocytes

Back 13

assists in exchanges between blood capillaries and neurons

Front 14

Function of oligodendrocytes

Back 14

composes myelin sheath

Front 15

Function of microglial cells

Back 15

can transform into phagocytes in areas of neural damage/inflammation

Front 16

Function of ependymal cells

Back 16

lines the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord

Front 17

Name the Peripheral Nervous system (PNS) neuroglial cell that forms myeline

Back 17

Schwann cells

Front 18

Name the PNS neuroglial cell that surrounds dorsal root ganglian neurons

Back 18

satellite cells

Front 19

the brain and spinal cord collectively

Back 19

central nervous system

Front 20

specialized supporting cells in the CNS

Back 20

neuroglia

Front 21

junction or point of close contact between neurons

Back 21

synapse

Front 22

a bundle of axons inside the CNS

Back 22

nerve

Front 23

neuron serving as part of the conduction pathway between sensory and motor neurons

Back 23

interneuron

Front 24

ganglia and spinal and cranial nerves

Back 24

tract

Front 25

collection of nerve cell bodies found outside the CNS

Back 25

ganglion

Front 26

neuron that conducts impulses away from the CNS to muscles and glands

Back 26

efferent neuron

Front 27

neuron that conducts impulses toward the CNS from the body periphery

Back 27

afferent neuron

Front 28

chemicals released by neurons that stimulate or inhibit other neurons or effectors

Back 28

neurotransmitters

Front 29

region of the cell body from which the axon originates

Back 29

axon hillock

Front 30

secretes neurotransmitters

Back 30

axon terminal

Front 31

receptive region of a neuron

Back 31

dendrite

Front 32

insulates the nerve fibers

Back 32

myelin sheath

Front 33

site of the nucleus and most important metabolic area

Back 33

neuronal cell body

Front 34

involved in the transport of substances within the neuron

Back 34

neurofibril

Front 35

essentially rough endoplasmic reticulum, important metabolically

Back 35

chromatophilic substance

Front 36

impulse generator and transmitter

Back 36

axon

Front 37

What substance is found in synaptic vesicles of the axon terminal?

Back 37

neurotransmitter

Front 38

What role does neurotransmitter play in neurotransmission?

Back 38

diffuses across the synaptic cleft to bind to membrane receptors on the next neuron; initiating an electrical current (synaptic potential)

Front 39

What anatomical characteristic determines whether a particular neuron is classified as unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar?

Back 39

the number of processes attached to the cell body

Front 40

Which neuron types are unipolar?

Back 40

afferent (sensory) neuron

Front 41

Which neuron are multipolar?

Back 41

interneuron (association)

Front 42

Describe how the Schwann cells form the myelin sheath and the outer collar of the perinuclear cytoplasm encasing the nerve fibers.

Back 42

they wrap themselves very tightly around axons in a jellyroll fashion; and the neurilemma is an exposed plasma membrane, has many schwann cells and is a discontinuous sheath

Front 43

What is a nerve?

Back 43

a bundle of axons (neuron fibers) wrapped in connective tissue covering that extends to and from the CNS and visceral organs/structures of the body periphery

Front 44

State the location of the endoneurium

Back 44

innermost layer; an additional sheath that surrounds the myelin sheath

Front 45

State the location of the perineurium

Back 45

middle layer; bounds groups of fibers, forms bundles of fibers

Front 46

State the location of the epineurium

Back 46

outermost layer; bounds fascicles together, forms the cordlike nerve

Front 47

What is the function of the connective tissue wrappings found in a nerve?

Back 47

to insulate from other processes and to bind and form bundles, and to protect

Front 48

Define mixed nerve

Back 48

a nerve carrying both afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) fibers; most nerves in the body including all spinal nerves are mixed

Front 49

Back 49