A&p Lab Exercise 7 (Th)

Front 1

All of the following are functions of skin except:

excretion of body wastes, insulation, protection from mechanical damage, site of vitamin A synthesis

Back 1

site of vitamin A synthesis

Front 2

The skin has two distinct regions. The superficial layer is the (a)_______ and the underlying connective tissue is the (b)______.

Back 2

a. epidermis

b. dermis

Front 3

The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the (stratum _______)

Back 3

stratum corneum

Front 4

Thick skin of the epidermis contains ____ layers

Back 4

4-5

Front 5

____ is a yellow-orange pigment found in the stratum corneum and the hypodermis.

Back 5

Carotene

Front 6

These cells produce a brown-black pigment that colors the skin and protects DNA from ultraviolet radiation damage. These cells are ____

Back 6

melanocytes

Front 7

True/False

Nails originate from the epidermis.

Back 7

True

Front 8

The portion of a hair that projects from the scalp surface is known as the ______

Back 8

shaft

Front 9

The ducts of the _____ glands usually empty into a hair follicle but may also open directly on the skin surface.

Back 9

sebaceous

Front 10

_____ glands are found primarily in the genital and axillary areas.

Back 10

Apocrine

Front 11

The two basic tissues which the skin is composed are dense irregular connective tissues, which makes up the dermis, and ____________, which forms the epidermis.

Back 11

stratified squamous epithelium

Front 12

The tough water repellent protein found in the epidermal cells is called _______.

Back 12

keratin

Front 13

The pigments melanin and _____ contribute to skin color.

Back 13

carotene

Front 14

A localized concentration of melanin is referred to as a ________.

Back 14

freckle

Front 15

Four protective functions of the skin are:

Back 15

1. prevents desication (extreme dryness)

2. prevents bacterial invasion

3. protects against thermal damage

4. protects against UV radiation

Front 16

layer of translucent cells in thick skin containing dead keratinocytes

Back 16

stratum lucidum

Front 17

two layers containing dead cells

Back 17

1. stratum corneum

2. stratum lucidum

Front 18

dermal layer responsible for fingerprints

Back 18

papillary layer

Front 19

vascular region of the skin

Back 19

dermis

Front 20

major skin area as a whole that produces derivatives (nails and hair)

Back 20

epidermis

Front 21

epidermal layer exhibiting the most rapid cell division

Back 21

stratum basale

Front 22

layer including scalelike dead cells, full of keratin, that constantly slough off

Back 22

stratum corneum

Front 23

layer of mitotic cells filled with intermediate filamints

Back 23

stratum spinosa

Front 24

has abundant elastic and collagenic fibers

Back 24

dermis

Front 25

location of melanocytes and tactile (Merkel) cells

Back 25

stratum basale

Front 26

area where weblike pre-keratin filaments first appear

Back 26

stratum spinosum

Front 27

layer of areolar connective tissue

Back 27

papillary layer

Front 28

Back 28

....

Front 29

____ granules contain glycolipids that prevent water loss from the skin

Back 29

Lamellar

Front 30

Fibers in the dermis are produced by ____

Back 30

fibroblasts

Front 31

Glands that respond to rising androgen levels are the _______ glands

Back 31

sebaceous/apocrine

Front 32

Phagocytic cells that occupy the epidermis are called _______

Back 32

dendritic/Langerhans cells

Front 33

A unique touch receptor formed from a stratum basale cell and a nerve fiber is a _______

Back 33

tactile/Merkel disc

Front 34

What layer is present in thick skin but not in thin skin

Back 34

stratum lucidum

Front 35

What cell-to-cell structures hold the cells of the strtum spinosum tightly together

Back 35

desmosomes

Front 36

What substance is manufactured in the skin and plays a role in calcium absorption elsewhere in the body

Back 36

Vitamin D

Front 37

List the sensory receptors found in the dermis of the skin

Back 37

Free nerve ending (pain/temperature)

Tactile corpuscle (touch)

Lamellar corpuscles (pressure)

Front 38

A nurse tells a doctor that a patient is cyanotic. Define cyanosis

Back 38

bluish tinge to the skin area

Front 39

What does cyanosis imply

Back 39

lack of oxygen in the blood

Front 40

What is a bedsore (decubitus ulcer)

Back 40

localized area of necrotic/dead tissue

Front 41

Why does a bedsore (decubitus ulcer) occur

Back 41

pressure areas/points restrict the blood supply to the area

Front 42

produces an accumulation for oily material that is known as a blackhead

Back 42

sebaceous glands

Front 43

tiny muscles, attached to hair, that pull the hair upright during fright or cold

Back 43

arrector pili

Front 44

sweat glands with a role in temperature control

Back 44

sweat gland -- eccrine

Front 45

sheath formed of both epithelial and connective tissues

Back 45

hair follicle

Front 46

less numerous type of sweat-producing gland; found mainly in the pubic and axillary regions

Back 46

sweat gland -- apocrine

Front 47

found everywhere on the body except the palms of he hands and soles of the feet

Back 47

sebaceous glands

Front 48

primarily dead/keratinized cells _____, ______

Back 48

hair

nail

Front 49

specialized nerve ending that respond to temperature, touch, etc...

Back 49

cutaneous receptors

Front 50

secretes a lubricant for hair and skin

Back 50

sebaceous glands

Front 51

"sports" a lunule and a cuticle

Back 51

nail

Front 52

Describe two integumentary system mechanisms that help in regulating body temperature

Back 52

1. restricted blood flow conserves body heat

2. sweat glands cause perspiration -- perspiration -- perspiration evaporates and heat is lost

Front 53

Back 53

....

Front 54

What organ system controls the activity of the eccrine sweat gands

Back 54

nervous system

Front 55

Name the three common fingerprint patterns

Back 55

1. loops

2. arches

3. whorls