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66 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

All of the following are functions of the skeleton except:



attachment for muscles, production of melanin, site of red blood cell formation, storage of lipids

production of melanin

The _____ skeleton consists of bones that surround the body's center of gravity.

axial

The type of cartilage that has the greatest strength and is found in the knee joint and intervertebral discs is _____

fibrocartilage

______ bone looks smooth and homogeneous

Compact

_____ are generally thin and have a layer of spongy bone between two layers of compact bone.

Flat

The femur is an example of a _____ bone

long

The shaft of a long bone is known as the _____

diaphysis

The structural unit of compact bone is the _____

osteon

True/False



Embryonic skeletons consist primarily of elastic cartilage, which is gradually replaced by bone during development and growth.

False

True/False



Cartilage has a covering made of dense connective tissue called a periosteum.

False

cartilage:



supports the external ear

elastic

cartilage:



between the vertebrae

fibrocartilage

cartilage:



forms the walls of the voice box (larynx)

hyaline

cartilage:



the epiglottis

elastic

cartilage:



articular cartilages

hyaline

cartilage:



meniscus in a knee joint

fibrocartilage

cartilage:



connects the ribs to the sternum

hyaline

cartilage:



most effective at resisting compression

hyaline

cartilage:



most springy and flexible

elastic

cartilage:



most abundant

hyaline

The four major anatomical classifications of bones are .....

1. long


2. short


3. flat


4. irregular

Which classification of bone has the least amount of spongy bone relative to its total weight

long bones

Name some of the long bones

There are 90 long bones in the body



femur, humerus, phalanges, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula, metacarpals, metatarsals

Name some of the short bones

There are 39 short bones on the body



tarsals, carpals, calcaneous, patella

Name some of the flat bones

There are 29 flat bones in the body



skull, sternum, scapula, clavicle, ribs

Name some of the irregular bones

There are 57 bones in the body



vertebra, ossicles, ilium, pubis, coxal

sharp, slender process

spine

small rounded projection

tubercle

narrow ridge of bone

crest

large rounded projection

tuberosity

structure supported on the neck

head

armlike projection

ramus

rounded, articular projection

condyle

narrow opening

fissure

canal-like structure

meatus

round or oval opening through a bone

foramen

shallow depression

fossa

air-filled cavity

sinus

large, irregularly shaped projection

trochanter

raised area on or above a condyle

epicondyle

projection or prominence

process

smooth, nearly flat articular surface

facet

Long bone:



contains spongy bone in adults

epiphysis

Long bone:



made of compact bone

diaphysis

Long bone:



site of blood formation

epiphysis

Long bone:



major submembranous sites of osteoclasts

endosteum

Long bone:



scientific term for bone shaft

diaphysis

Long bone:



contains fat in adult bones

medullary cavity

Long bone:



growth plate remnant

epiphyseal line

Long bone:



major submembranous site of osteoblasts

periosteum

What differences between compact and spongy bone can be seen with the naked eye

compact is dense, strong, yellow marrow



spongy is ends of the bones, red marrow, and looks like a sponge

What is the function of the periosteum

fibrous membrane covering attached by fibers enter into the bone allowing nerves, blood/lymphatic vessels to pass through

What is the function of the organic matrix in bone

gives flexibility and strength

Name the important organic bone components

collagen fibers and osteocytes

Calcium salts form the bulk of the inorganic material in bone. What is the function of the calcium salts

gives the bone hardness and compressional strenght

Baking removes (a)______ from bone. Soaking the bone in acid removes (b)______

(a) water



(b) calcium salts


trace the route taken by nutrients through a bone, starting with the periosteum and ending with an osteocyte in a lacuna

periosteum => performing canals => central canals => caliculus => osteocyte in a lacuna

Bone structure:



layers of bony matrix around a central canal

concentric lamella

Bone structure:



site of osteocytes

lacunae

Bone structure:



longitudinal canal carrying blood vessels, lymphatics. and nerves

central canal

Bone structure:



minute canals connecting osteoctytes of an osteon

canaliculi

Bone structure:



inorganic salts deposited in organic ground substance

matrix

canaliculi
central canal
concentric lamellae
lacunae
matrix

canaliculi


central canal


concentric lamellae


lacunae


matrix