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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Historians often refer to the 17th century as an Age of __
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Crisis
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List 4 things that caused the Age of Crisis
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Climate changes, increased governmental pressure, religious divide and war
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What was the difference in serfdom in Eastern and Western Europe at this time?
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West: did not exist; East: prevalent
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List the 4 phases o the 30 Years' War
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Bohemian, Danish, Swedish and French
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In the 1st phase, Catholics defeated Protestants at what battle?
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Battle of White Mountain
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During the 2nd phase, the Edict of Restitution was issued. What did it say?
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All Catholic properties lost to Protestantism and only Catholics/Lutherans were allowed to practice their faith
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What Swedish ruler led the 3rd phase against the Catholics?
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Gustavus Adolphus
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What was the goal of Cardinal Richelieu in aiding the Protestants in the 30 Years War?
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To weaken Hapsburg power in Europe
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What treaty in 1648 ended the 30 Years' War?
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Peace of Westphalia
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What gave absolute rulers their power?
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Divine right of kings
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Who was responsible for strengthening royal control after the reign of Henry IV?
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Cardinal Richelieu
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What are intendants?
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Commissioners for each of France's 32 districts who were appointed by the monarch
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What was the main foreign policy goal of Cardinal Richelieu
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Destroy the Catholic Hapsburgs' grip on the territories surrounding France
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Who became the chief minister of Louis 14
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Cardinal Jules Mazarin
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A series of uprisings at the beginning of Louis XIV's reign
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Fronde
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What title did Louis 14 take
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The Sun King
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What did Louis 14 do about the Edict of Nantes?
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Revoked it (to maintain religious unity) and religion would now be Catholicism
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What became the center of French political, social and cultural life
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The Palace at Versailles
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Who managed the finances of Louis 14
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Jean-Baptiste Colbert
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Mercantilism
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System of regulations aimed at increasing the power of the state (must have favorable balance of trade and colonies exist for good of mother country)
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What was the War of the Spanish Succession
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spanish king charles II died he left the crown to louis 14's grandson (phillip of Anjou) who would inherit both french and spanish crown (but that'd be too much power)
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What peace treaty ended this war
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Peace of Utrecht
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Name 5 places England gained bc of War of Spanish Succession
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Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Gibraltar, Asiento (slave trade) and Hudson Bay territory
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What happened to Spanish colonial trade bw 1610 and 1650
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fell 60% due to competition with local industries and dutch/english traders
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What was the effect in Spain of the expulsion of 300,000 Moriscos (former Muslims)
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reduced the pool of skilled workers and merchants
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The prince of Moscow was awarded what title by Mongol rulers
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the great prince
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What prince of Moscow stopped acknowledging the Khan and ceased to pay tribute
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Ivan 3 (the Great)
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The highest ranking members of Russian nobility
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boyars
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Who did Ivan 3 marry
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Daughter/Niece of last Byzantine emperor
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What title did Ivan 4 take
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tsar
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How did Ivan 4 treat the boyars
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tortured them, persecution
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Free groups and outlaw armies
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Cossacks
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After the death of Ivan 4 Russia entered a period known as
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Time of Troubles
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Who became the hereditary tsar after Ivan 4
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Michael Romanov
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What 2 countries & leaders fought in the Great Northern War
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Charles XII of Sweden and Peter the Great of Russia
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In what battle did Peter the Great finally crush Sweden
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Battle at Poltova
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1670 one of the largest peasant rebellions in Russia took place led by
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Cossack Stenka Razin (stinky raisin)
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What new western style capital did Peter the Great build
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St. Petersburg
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What did modernization mean to Peter the Great
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Westernization
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Ruler of the Ottoman empire was called a
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sultan
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Core of the Ottoman army was made up of slave conscripts known as the
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Janissary corps
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Ottomans divided their subjects into self governing communities known as
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millet system
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what 2 nations evolved towards constitutionalism
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england and holland
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limitation of gov. by law
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constitutionalism
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form of gov. where there is no monarch and power rests in the hands of the people thru elected reps.
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republicanism
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when james I assumed the english throne, what his greatest problem
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he believed he had divine right and was responsible to only God
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What did the Puritans want
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To "purify" the anglican church of roman catholic elements
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how did charles I antagonize religious sentiments in england
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married catholic princess, supported policies of archbishop of canterbury william laud
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william laud attempted to impose what 2 new elements on church organization in england
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1)new prayer book 2) bishops
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why did charles I have to summon parliament
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to finance an army to put down the scots
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what legislation did the long parliament enact
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limited power of monarch, made gov. without parliament impossible (triannual act: they must meet at least once every 3 years), impeached william laud,
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parliament formed an army to oppose charles I known as
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New Model Army
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When Cromwell took control and dismissed the members of parliament who opposed him
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Rump Parliament
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philosopher Thomas Hobbes said best gov. was
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social contract b/w society and monarchy
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Thomas Hobbes wrote about gov. in
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Leviathan
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Would Hobbes agree with the right of rebellion
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No
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After the execution of king a republican gov. called __ was produced
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commonwealth
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What is Latin for between kings
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Inter-regnum
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Stuart kings (in order)
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James I, Charles I, Charles II, James II
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Rule of Cromwell was called a __ but in reality it was a __
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protectorate...military dictatorship
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cromwell's economic policy
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mercantilism
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after cromwell, the stuart dynasty was brought back to the throne under what king
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Charles II (Merry Monarch)
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Charles II period known as
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Restoration of 1660
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Test Act
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Legislation by English Parliament to secure Anglican Church and stripping other religions of right to vote, hold office, teach, assemble, etc
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Who replaced James II
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William and Mary of Orange
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"Glorious Revolution"
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replaced 1 king with another with minimum of bloodshed
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Revolution of 1688 established the principle that __ was divided bw king and parli
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sovereignty
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Before ascending the throne, William and Mary had to agree to what
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English Bill of Rights
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Concept of rep. gov. found its best defense by john locke in
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2nd treatise on civil gov. (belief that people have right to rebel if king stinks)
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Idea that the cabinet was responsible to the house of commons developed under what royal minister
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sir robert wapole
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United Provinces of Netherlands had in each province an executive offer called
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stadholder
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Political success of dutch rested on their
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commercial prosperity
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