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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hanseatic League |
Formed by German + Netherlands states to compete with Renaissance states in trading |
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Medici Family |
Banking family that held power in Italy in the 15 century. Controlled politics + culture |
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Book of the Courtier |
Written by Castiglione, it set the standard for the Renaissance man. |
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Petrarch |
Father of the Renaissance, he distinguished b/t the Dark Ages and the Renaissance. |
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Lorenzo Valla |
Translated the language of Constantine and revealed it to be a fraud, making the church look bad. (Underlying cause of Reformation) |
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Civic Humanism |
Perfecting oneself for the good of the state. |
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Neoplatonism |
Idea that man can become like God |
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Johannes Gutenberg |
Developed the printing press |
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Oration on the Dignity of Man |
Written by Dela, about neoplatonism. |
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Raphael |
Southern Renaissance painter, famous for St Peter's Basilica, School of Athens, Disputa. Portrayed humans as wise + dignified. |
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Jan van Eyck |
Flemish artist. One of the earliest artists to use oil-based paints. |
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Michelangelo |
Southern Renaissance painter and sculptor. Famous for Sistine Chapel, and the David. -Idealist -Expressing abstract truths and using classic Greek aesthetic -Male figure |
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War of the Roses |
Civil War b/t houses of York and Lancaster. Hurt trade, agriculture, and domestic industry. Allowed tutors to come to power. |
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Louis the Spider |
New monarch of France, had a web of connections |
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Hapsburgs |
Austrian, rulers of Holy Roman Empire, powerful but people tried to contain them. Distracted Charles V from Martin Luther. Had well-executed policy. |
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John Hus |
Influenced by mysticism + considered one of the first church reformers |
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Pope Julius II |
Decided to rebuild St Peters Basilica, patronized Raphael + Michelangelo |
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Machiavelli |
Political philosopher who wrote The Prince. Actions should be judged by their consequences. |
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Why did Italy experience a rebirth? |
Independent city states in Italy were growing wealthy and business men were able to become patrons of art. |
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What characteristics distinguished the Italian Renaissance? |
Its value of culture, urban secularism, classical antiquity, individualism, and its value of an active + moral life. Realism, naturalism, skepticism, secularism, ism ism ism. |
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Church in the Ren Era |
Influence + prestige was declining |
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Southern Ren Art |
-Secular -DaVinci -Classical texts/styles in new ways -Humanism -Bright colors -Realism |
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Northern Ren Art |
Van Eyck, Brugal Human individuality Common people Christian humanism |
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Erasmus |
Prince of Christian Humanism Praise of the Folly Translated New Testament Used irony Education + Christianity |
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Indulgences |
A declaration by church authorities that those who say certain prayers, do good works, OR pay a certain price will have some of their punishment in purgatory remitted. |
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Edict of Worms |
Declares Luther as an outlaw |
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Charles V |
HRE, calls Luther to Diet of Worms. Outlaws Luther + his followers |
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Hapsburg-Valois War |
Dynastic disputes over Italian city states kingdoms |
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Peace of Augsburg |
Religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler Future German Princes who choose Lutheranism cannot take church land NO calvinism |
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Act of Supremacy |
Passed by Parliament under Henry 8th Declared King head of church of england Led to debate in house of commons |
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Predestination |
Calvinist belief that it was already decided if you were going to be saved or damned (only god can decide) |
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Papel Index |
Index of forbidden books, included all protestant writings |
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Jesuits |
Society of Jesus Goal: help souls, not reform the church Chastity, obedience, stability Humanist education |
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Council of Trent |
Council on how to deal with Church corruption and how to deal with challenges (i.e. Martin Luther) to the church Start to ban sale of indulgences Validity to scripture |
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Caravel |
Sail, first used by Portugal. Allowed for faster transport of goods and people. |
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Magellan, Cortes |
Circum navigated the globe |
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Encomienda |
Grant of Land given to European settlers in the New World. Also gave them the people who lived on this land |
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Huguenots |
French Calvinists |
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St Bartholomew's Day Massacre |
Catholic Margaret Valois married Huguenot Henry of Navarre |
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Edict of Nantes |
Published by Henry, ended French wars of religion Toleration of protestants Prepared for absolutism Helped restore peace in france |
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Spanish Armada |
Defeat of Spanish Armada ensured protestantism in England |
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Peace of Westphalia |
Series of Peace treaties ending the Thirty Years War |
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Malleus Maleficarum |
How to find witches and what to do with them/how to kill them |
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El Greco, Bernini, Shakespeare |
Bernini: Baroque El Greco: Mannerist |
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Mannerism |
Dark, educational, theatrical, landscape El Greco |
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Baroque |
Aggressive, power, for monarchs, irregular Bernini + Valesquez |
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Montaigne |
Popularized the essay as a literary genre |
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How did Christian humanists prepare for the Reformation? |
Taught personal relationship with God "Erasmus laid the egg Luther hatched"
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Martin Luther vs Church |
Priesthood of believers, faith, and primacy of scripture Humans saved by God, not their own efforts or good works Faith of each believer Vernacular |
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How did politics and religion become entangled during the Reformation? |
Religion was political, not true secularism Kings and emperors got involved |
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Anabaptism |
Baptized as adults Condemned + persecuted by other Protestants |
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Anglicanism |
Church of England Created so Henry 8th could get divorced |
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Zwinglianism |
Develops a theocracy Iconoclastic Baptism not means of grace Reformed church with Calvinists
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Calvinism |
Predestination |
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Age of Discovery |
New ways to find goods (get from other places) |
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Anglo Spanish War |
The ____ was fought between Protestant forces under Elizabeth I and the Catholic forces of Philip II. |
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30 Years War |
The ___ was fought throughout Western Europe. It was concluded with the Peace of Westphalia which effectively ended the Age of Religious Wars in Europe. |
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Dutch Revolt |
Netherlands: The ___ was a war in which Protestant forces in the Netherlands sought independence from Catholic Spain. |
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Intendants |
King's spies, checked on colonies |
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Cardinal Richelieu |
Ruled for Louis 13th, very popular. Got France in 30 years war. Made king powerful |
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Cardinal Mazarin |
Ruled for Louis 14th. Not very popular. Got France in the Fronde. |
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Fronde |
Revolt of French nobles against king (Mazarin) |
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Edict of Fontainebleau |
Revoked Edict of Nantes |
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Colbert |
Financial genius, tried to fix huge debt. Mercantilism. |
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Versailles |
Louis 14th palace |
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Hohenzollerns |
Royal family of Prussia |
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Romanovs |
Royal family of Russia (Catherine and Peter the Great) |
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Petition of Right |
English Monarchs power is limited |
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Oliver Cromwell |
Made new model, defeated King Charles |
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Bill of Rights |
Made England a limited monarchy |
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New Model army |
Cromwell's army |
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Neoclassicism |
Renaissance themed art, centers on royalty and nobility. Bright colors |
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Dutch East India Company |
Stock company during brief dutch golden age |
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John Locke |
Social contract, power of govt comes from people If govt does not protect natural rights, should be overthrown |
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Thomas Hobbes |
Social contract, people by nature are scary, so we need govt |
